1.3 Flashcards
- Explain how a hypothesis differs from a theory.
A hypothesis is an assumption that is created before research is done. A theory is supported by data from research and explains a question, thought, or phenomena
- Which type of study shows cause and effect?
The only experiment that can show cause and effect is a controlled experiment.
3.What is the difference between the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV)
The independent variable is the cause and the dependent variable is the effect. The IV is what is going to be manipulated in the experiment to see what effect it has on the DV.
- Explain the third variable problem and how it could impact an experiment.
This is when in an experiment there is a third variable that is impacting the participant and therefore possibly impacting the IV and DV. This would mean that a correlation found in an experiment would not mean that one variable caused the other.
- How do confounding variables impact a controlled experiment?
These are variables other than the IV that could impact the DV. These are variables that researchers could not remove from the experiment.
- How does random assignment differ from random sample?
Random sample is when each person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. Random assignment is when each participant of a study has an equal chance of being put into the control group or the experimental group.
- Why does the placebo effect happen in experiments?
Participants may act differently because they expect a certain outcome from a study, experiment, or IV.
- What is one way researchers can prevent the placebo effect from occurring in their experiment/study?
Researchers can use random assignment in their study, create a control and experimental group, could use a single-blind study, or double blind study.
- What is the difference between the control group in a study and the experimental group?
The control group, also known as the placebo group, is given a placebo. The experimental group is given the IV. This allows researchers to see if the placebo effect is impacting the results, or if the IV is possibly causing the DV.
- Explain how a quasi-experiment differs from an experiment.
Quasi-experiments are used in situations where controlled experiments would be impossible to do. Quasi-experiments do not include random assignment of participants, while a controlled experiment does.
