5.11 Flashcards
Phonemes
Description: Basic sounds, often first sounds an infant makes
Example: M in mom and Sh in Ship
Morphemes
Description: Smallest unit of meaning, contain at minimum 2 phonemes
Example: Root words, prefixes, or suffixes (Car, or bird)
Grammar
Description: Set of rules a language follows
Example: This is what enables people to communicate and understand the meaning from different sentences
Syntax
Description: Rules used to order words a sentence.
Example: English the syntax tells people to put adjectives before nouns, but in Spanish the syntax tells people to put adjectives after nouns
Explain the difference between surface structure and deep structure semantics.
Surface structure semantics is the literal meaning of the words. Deep structure semantics is the underlying meaning of a sentence
What did Noam Chomsky argue about language?
He believed that there was universal grammar and that people naturally learn to speak
How did Skinner’s idea differ from Chomsky about language?
Skinner believed that languages is learned through association, imitation, and reinforcement and is not something we are born with
What did Edward Sapir believe about language and an individual?
He believed that whatever language we are raised with will determine how we think and process information
Explain the difference between linguistic determinism and linguistic relativism.
Linguistic determinism is the idea that the structure of a particular language determines how the mental categories of the language are structured. Linguistic relativism is how language differs depending on the context. Language shapes an individual’s thoughts and understanding of concepts
What is a crucial and sensitive period and how does it connect with language development?
A crucial period isa time in which an individual must learn specific information, if they do not learn it by that window, plasticity is severely limited. Sensitive periods are times where the brain is best able to do something. For example the soon era child is exposed to a particular language the easier it is for them to master the language
Babbling
infants start their speech development. Start making consonant vowel sounds
Holophrase
Child is able to say one word but the word has a larger meaning
EC: Child says food when trying to say “I want to eat”
Telegraphic Speech
Child starts to use two-word phrases
EX: Toy feel, milk spill
What is fast mapping?
This is when a child starts to learn more words and understand how different words are used in different contexts
Why does overgeneralization occur?
Children are still learning grammar and how to format their thoughts. This causes them to take new information and words and apply them to broad topics incorrectly.
