5.7

Question 1

What is cognition, according to the APA?

Answer 1

Cognition is all forms of knowing and awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem solving

Question 2

Prototype

Answer 2

Description: Mental images to illustrate different concepts
Examples: Concept of a ball: basketball, baseball

Question 3

Anchors

Answer 3

Description: Information that can be used to make judgments about new information
Examples: If you see a book that costs 2,000 and then see a second book that only costs 200 dollars, you will most likely think the second book is cheap

Question 4

Informal Reasoning

Answer 4

Description: Extremely fast thinking, where the brain uses shortcuts to speed up processing
Example: Heuristics, top-down processing, schemas, mental sets

Question 5

Formal Reasoning

Answer 5

Description: Slower thinking, that focuses on more details
Example: Algorithm, bottom-up processing, syllogism, diagnosis

Question 6

What is heuristics?

Answer 6

Mental shortcuts, based on past experiences.

Question 7

Identify an example of a person using heuristics.

Answer 7

An individual who lost their phone will retrace their steps and only search the spots they think they had their phone last

Question 8

Explain the difference between a schema and a mental set.

Answer 8

Schemas are a cognitive framework that helps a person organize information and understand the world around them. These are based on a person’s experiences and guide their perceptual sets. While mental sets are when a person focuses on solutions that have worked in the past. Those solutions will then be applied to similar situations in the future

Question 9

Explain when a person would use algorithmic problems solving and syllogism.

Answer 9

Algorithmic problem solving is when a person approaches a problem by taking things one step at a time. While syllogism is when a person will use logic to try and solve a problem

Question 10

Describe diagnosis

Answer 10

When a person focuses on eliminating different wrong answers to leave just the correct answer

Question 11

What is the difference between convergent thinking and divergent thinking?

Answer 11

Convergent thinking is when a person takes a problem and narrows down the possible solutions to the single best solution. Divergent thinking is when a person considers a variety of different possibilities and expands on the number of solutions to a problem

Question 12

What five components to creativity did Robert Sternberg identify?

Answer 12

1) Expertise 2) Imaginative thinking skills3)A venturesome personality 4) intrinsic motivation 5) A creative environment