4.1

Question 1

What is association?

Answer 1

This is when an individual connects items or experiences together because of the order in which they were experienced

Question 2

What is the difference between observational learning and latent learning?

Answer 2

Observational learning is when an individual learns by watching others. While latent learning is when an individual is exposed to information but you do not show your learning until later

Question 3

Why would someone experience learned helplessness?

Answer 3

This occurs when an individual feels that things are out of their control and that no matter what the individual does they will not be able to succeed

Question 4

Latent learning

Answer 4

This is when an individual is exposed to information but they do not show the learning until later when there is a need to show it

Question 5

What is social learning

Answer 5

Learning happens by interacting with others

Question 6

What is the difference between insight learning and trial-and-error learning?

Answer 6

Insight learning is when there is a problem that needs to be solved and an individual will mentally work through the details to arrive at a solution. While trial-and-error is when an individual tries different solutions at random until one is successful

Question 7

What is superstitious learning?

Answer 7

This is when an individual learns through accidental reinforcement. This happens when an individual links something with a positive effect even when they are not related

Question 8

John Garcia

Answer 8

Researched association with the hypothesis that some associations are more readily made available than others. He is most known for his research into taste aversion

Question 9

Albert Bandura

Answer 9

Coined the term observational learning. He also created the famous bobo doll experiment, which look at violence, aggression, and modeling

Question 10

Edward Tolman

Answer 10

Looked at latent learning. He had rats complete mazes and discovered that rats who had previously been exposed to a certain maze did better than rats who had not been exposed to the maze

Question 11

Edward Thorndike

Answer 11

Proposed trial-and-error learning. Here individuals try various solutions at random until one is successful

Question 12

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 12

Father of classical conditioning. Most known for his experiments with dogs and saliva

Question 13

B.F. Skinner

Answer 13

One of the first people to describe operant conditioning. Believed behavior becomes more likely to occur when reinforced

Question 14

Robert Rescorla

Answer 14

Focused on cognition and learning. Showed how animals can be taught to expect the outcome of an event

Question 15

John B Watson

Answer 15

Looked at how learning influences behavior and was one of the first people to state that behaviors are the result of learning