2.4

Question 1

What is action potential?

Answer 1

This is when a neuronfires an electrical impulse down the axon

Question 2

What must happen for an action potential to occur?

Answer 2

An outside stimulus must cause a neuron to cross a specific threshold (typically 55 -55mV), this causes the neuron to depolarize as positive ions enter the neuron which causes an electrical signal to be sent down the axon

Question 3

Define permeability

Answer 3

This is the ability for some ions to cross the membrane more easily than others

Question 4

Resting Neuron

Answer 4

When there is more positive ions outside the membrane of the neuron, here the neuron is polarized and will not send a signal (-70mV)

Question 5

Depolorization

Answer 5

When the strong negative charge of the inside of the cell has enough positive ions enter so that the charge changes from around -70mV to at least -55mV. This will trigger the neuron to fire an action potential

Question 6

Repolarization

Answer 6

The process in which the neuron goes back to its resting potential, channels will open up letting more positive ions outside of the cell membrane

Question 7

refractory period

Answer 7

A time when the neuron can not fire, the neuron is waiting for repolarization to occur. This prevents signals being sent in both directions down the axon

Question 8

Describe the synapse

Answer 8

A small pocket of space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron, less than 1 millionth of an inch

Question 9

Electrical synapse vs chemical synapses

Answer 9

Electrical synapses are used for messages that need to be sent quickly and immediately, one neuron is typically connected to another. Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters to deliver messages across a synaptic gap, which takes more time than an electrical synapse

Question 10

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 10

A chemical messenger sent by a neuron, normally categorized as excitatory or inhibitory

Question 11

synaptic gap

Answer 11

A narrow space between two neurons, specifically the presynaptic terminal of one neuron and the postsynaptic terminal of the next neuron

Question 12

Describe the difference between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal.

Answer 12

The ends of neurons that are connected by a synapse. The presynaptic terminal bud contains neurotransmitters to be released. The postsynaptic receives the neurotransmitters from the synapse

Question 13

What is reuptake

Answer 13

This is when the sending neuron at the presynaptic terminal, reabsorbs neurotransmitters from the synapse

Question 14

Explain how an excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory neurotransmitter impact a neuron

Answer 14

Excitatory neurotransmitters will increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters will decrease the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential

Question 15

Hyperpolrization

Answer 15

This is when the inside of a neuron becomes more negative which moves it farther away from its threshold or intensity needed for an action potential

Question 16

Acetoxolone

Answer 16

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory

Question 17

Dopamine

Answer 17

Helps with movement, learning ,attention, emotions, known also as a natural drug because of how it impacts your feelings &emotions

Question 18

Serotonin

Answer 18

Impacts hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood

Question 19

Endorphins

Answer 19

Helps with pain control

Question 20

Epinephrine

Answer 20

Same chemical as adrenaline, helps the body respond to high emotional situations by increasing blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness & helps form memories

Question 21

Norepinephrine

Answer 21

Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness

Question 22

Glutamate

Answer 22

Involved with excitatory messages, helps with long term memory and learning

Question 23

GABA

Answer 23

Helps with sleep and movement, this slows down your nervous system