2.9

Question 1

What is the circadian rhythm?

Answer 1

The body’s biological clock, that involves changing blood pressure, internal temperature, hormones, and regulates the sleep-wake cycle. (repeats every 24 hours)

Question 2

Restoration Theory

Answer 2

We get tired from daily activities and we sleep to restore our energy and resources

Question 3

Adaptive Theory

Answer 3

Sleep allows us to conserve energy so we can save it for when we will need it most. Focuses on the evolutionary aspects of sleep and how it protects us

Question 4

Information processing theory

Answer 4

Focuses on how sleep allows us to restore and build memories

Question 5

What type of neuroimaging technique can be used to visualize the sleep cycle?

Answer 5

EEG

Question 6

Describe the difference between alpha waves and beta waves

Answer 6

Alpha waves are high in amplitude and slower, these occur when you are feeling relaxed. Beta waves are low in amplitude and are the fastest brain waves, they occur when you are engaged in mental activities

Question 7

Delta waves vs Theta waves

Answer 7

Theta waves are greater in amplitude compared to beta/alpha waves and even slower in frequency, they are strong during mediation, and periods of relaxation. Delta waves have the greatest amplitude and slowest frequency, and occur when you are the most relaxed, oftentimes during your deepest levels of sleep

Question 8

NREM Stage 1

Answer 8

Very light sleep that only lasts between 5-10 minutes. Here your body will start to relax and your mind starts to slow (Alpha waves)

Question 9

NREM Stage 2

Answer 9

Transitional stage. Normally it only lasts 10-20 minutes. Characterized by k-complexes and sleep spindles (Theta waves)

Question 10

NREM Stage 3

Answer 10

Deepest state of sleep. Normally it lasts around 30 minutes. Here growth hormones are produced and individuals may experience sleepwalking or sleep talking (Delta waves)

Question 11

REM

Answer 11

External muscles are paralyzed, internal muscles and structures become active. Normally it lasts for 10 minutes. Here individuals experience dreams and brain activity is similar to when the person is awake. (Beta waves)

Question 12

What are hypnagogic sensations and what stage of sleep would they occur?

Answer 12

Sensations that you imagine feel real. For example feeling that you are falling. This happens in NREM stage 1

Question 13

Activation-synthesis model

Answer 13

Dreams are our brain trying to make sense of random neural activity that is happening

Question 14

Cognitive development theory

Answer 14

Dreams are a reflection of our cognitive development, so dreams are more simple for children then they are for adults

Question 15

Activation Theory

Answer 15

Specific areas are activated and depending on which area of the brain is active, your dreams will have different content

Question 16

Physiological function

Answer 16

Dreams stimulate our neural pathways and allow them to be preserved and grow

Question 17

Insomnia

Answer 17

When an individual has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. This could be caused due to stress, pain, medication, or an irregular sleep schedule

Question 18

Sleep apnea

Answer 18

When an individual struggles with their breathing while sleeping. This prevents an individual from being able to go into REM

Question 19

Night terrors

Answer 19

When an individual will experience intense fear while sleeping. Causing an individual to have sleep deprivation and a disrupted sleep schedule

Question 20

Narcolepsy

Answer 20

Individuals may struggle to go asleep at night but uncontrollably fall asleep during the day. (Very rare)