6: Vascular Pathology Part II

Question 1

purpose of a surgically generatd AV fistula

Answer 1

vascular access for chronic hemodialysis or chemo

Question 2

most frequent cause of clinically significant SAH

Answer 2

rupture of a berry aneurysm

Question 3

BP = __ x __

Answer 3

cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Question 4

cardiac output combines what two factors

Answer 4

HR, stroke volume

Question 5

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway starting with decreased GFR

Answer 5

1. decreased GFR -> renin release
2. renin cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
3. ACE cleaves angiotensin I into angiotensin II
4. angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor + stimulates aldosterone release
5. aldosterone causes renal reabsorption of water and Na -> increases BP

Question 6

what doe ANP cause?

Answer 6

Na excretion, diuresis, vasodilation (lowers BP)

Question 7

most common cause of hyperaldosteronism

Answer 7

idiopathic

Question 8

clinical presentation of pheochromocytoma

Answer 8

paroxysms of elevated BP**, tachy, palpitations, HA, diaphoresis, tremor

Question 9

1/2 of all untreated HTN pts die of what? 1/3 die of what?

Answer 9

1/2: MI or CHF

1/3: CVA

Question 10

presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome

Answer 10

1. trigeminal N facial port wine stain
2. intellectual disability, SZR, hemiplegia
3. leptomeningeal capillary AVM, skull radio-opacities
4. eye abnormalities like glaucoma

Question 11

telangiectasia

Answer 11

permanent dilation of small vessels/caps forming a discrete lesion

Question 12

most common benign tumor in infancy and childhood

Answer 12

hemangioma

Question 13

most common sites for hemangiomas

Answer 13

head and neck

Question 14

hemangiomas are mostly external, but when internal - what is the most common site

Answer 14

liver