3: Cardiac Pathology 2 Flashcards
Most common structural birth defect
Congenital heart abnormality
Most common congenital heart disease**
VSD
General presentation of left->right vs right->left shunts
LtR: initially asymptomatic
RtL: cyanotic and symptomatic bc blood bypasses pulmonary circulation
Three left to right shunts
- ASD
- VSD
- PDA
Three right to left shunts
- tetralogy of fallot
- Transposition of great arteries
- Tricuspid atresia
Mortality of ASD and why
Low, bc most smaller defects spontaneously close
What % of small VSDs close spontaneously
50-75%
What congenital heart defect causes increased pulmonary pressure and can cause pulmonary HTN?
PDA
Most common cyanotic congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of fallot
Paradoxical embolism
Embolism in an individual that normally would only go to lungs but ended up elsewhere due to a heart defect
Where would a paradoxical embolism end up if a pt has PDA?
Lower body
Most common genetic cause of congenital heart disease
Down syndrome
Physiologic mechanism of cor pulmonale
Poorly functioning alveolus -> hypoxia -> increased lung pressure -> increased right heart pressure
Most common valve abnormality
Calcification aortic stenosis
Timeline of death in aortic stenosis once: angina, syncope, and CHF develop
Angina: die in 5 years
Syncope: die in 3 years
CHF: die in 2 years