6: Vascular Pathology Part I Flashcards
arteriosclerosis definition
hardening of the arteries
three types of arteriosclerosis
- arteriolosclerosis
- atherosclerosis
- monckeberg medial sclerosis
two types of arteriolosclerosis
hyaline & hyperplastic
presentation of arteriolosclerosis vs atherosclerosis
- arteriolosclerosis: effects small arteries -> downstream ischemia
- atherosclerosis: plaque formation -> stenosis/occlusion -> plaque rupture/aneurysm
Monckeberg medial sclerosis
age-related degeneration and calcification of muscular artery internal elastic membrane
clinical significance of Monckeberg medial sclerosis
no narrowing of the lumen -> not clinically significant
how to increase and decrease LDL
increase: animal products, trans fat
decrease: soluble fibers, statins
how to increase and decrease HDL
increase: exercise, moderate alcohol
decrease: obesity, smoking
five steps in atherosclerosis
- chronic endothelial injury
- endothelial dysfunction
- macrophage activation + SM recruitment
- macrophage and SM engulf lipids
- SM proliferation, collagen and ECM deposition
three GFs that cause smooth muscle proliferation and ECM/collagen deposition in vessels
- PDGF
- Fibroblast GF
- TGF-a
what type of valve issue is most common with Ehlers Danlos
mitral valve prolapse
at what size AAA is surgical bypass a good idea?
5cm
how does tertiary syphilis cause aneurysm?
obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum -> thoracic aortic aneurysm
most common type of aortic dissection
DeBakey I (TYpe A)
balloon angioplasty
compresses/ruptures occluding plaque (but can reclose pretty easily afterwards)
