12: Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

valvular heart disease arises mostly from what two causes?

Answer 1

1. congenital

2. myxomatous degeneration

Question 2

stenosis and regurgitation create pressure and volume overload - which creates which?

Answer 2

Stenosis -> pressure overload

Regurg -> volume overload

Question 3

four main systolic vs four main diastolic murmurs

Answer 3

1. Systolic: MR, TR, AS, PS

2. Diastolic: AR, PR, MS, TS

Question 4

are VSD and ASD diastolic or systolic?

Answer 4

systolic

Question 5

murmur grading scale from 1-6

Answer 5

1. barely audible
2. soft
3. louder
4. loud with thrill
5. heard with stethoscope barely on chest
6. heard without stethoscope

Question 6

which sex is more likely to have MVP?

Answer 6

female

Question 7

symptoms of MVP

Answer 7

asx or CP, SVT, PVCs, dyspnea

Question 8

which valvular heart defect can be associated with TOF, PS, VSD, RVH, or overriding aorta?

Answer 8

pulmonic stenosis

Question 9

what size mitral valve area becomes significant mitral stenosis?

Answer 9

1-1.5cm

Question 10

four “signs” of Aortic Regurg + explain them

Answer 10

1. DeMusset sign: head bob w/ beats
2. Quincke’s sign: capillary nail pulsations
3. Traube sign: pistol shot sound over femoral A
4. Duroziez’s sign: diastolic murmur over femoral artery when compressed

Question 11

murmur heard in pulmonary regurgitation

Answer 11

diastolic decrescendo murmur at 2nd ICS, increased S2

Question 12

what condition is associated with pulmonary regurgitation?

Answer 12

pulmonary HTN