11: Heart Failure

Question 1

symptoms of congestion

Answer 1

dyspnea on exertion, PND, orthopnea, nocturnal cough, weight fluctuations, edema

Question 2

symptoms of hypoperfusion of the lungs

Answer 2

exercise intolerance, fatigue, decreased mental status, cold intolerance

Question 3

what extra heart sound can occur with congestion?

Answer 3

S3 gallop

Question 4

what does it mean if BNP is within normal limits?

Answer 4

rules out HF

Question 5

why do a TEE on a pt with new HF?

Answer 5

rule out intracardiac thrombus and infection

Question 6

why do a stress echo on a pt with new HF?

Answer 6

rule out ischemia

Question 7

which two conditions are responsible for 50% of cor pulmonale cases?

Answer 7

COPD, chronic bronchitis

Question 8

stage A and stage B prevention of HF

Answer 8

Stage A: prevent development of CV disease, counsel on appropriate diet and exercise
Stage B: prevent development of further cardiac remodeling and symptoms of HF through specific therapies