5.4: B lymphocytes and humoral immunity Flashcards
What are antibodies soluble in?
Antibodies are soluble in:
- The blood
- Tissue fluid of the body
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to how many?
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million
The first phase of the specific response to infection is the mitotic division of specific T cells to form a clone of the relevant T cells to do what?
The first phase of the specific response to infection is the mitotic division of specific T cells to form a clone of the relevant T cells to build up their numbers
What is an old-fashioned word for body fluids?
An old-fashioned word for body fluids is ‘humour’
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce what?
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that does what?
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are what?
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
What does the antibody therefore do?
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
How does the antigen enter the B cell?
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and what happens to it?
The antigen:
- Enters the B cell by endocytosis
- Gets presented on its surface (processed)
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and gets presented on its surface (processed).
What bind to these processed antigens?
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and gets presented on its surface (processed).
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens and do what?
T helper cells:
- Bind to these processed antigens
- Stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clone of identical B cells
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and gets presented on its surface (processed).
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clone of identical B cells, all of which do what?
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clone of identical B cells, all of which produce the antibody that is specific to the foreign antigen
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and gets presented on its surface (processed).
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clone of identical B cells, all of which produce the antibody that is specific to the foreign antigen.
What is this called?
This is called clonal selection
There are many types of B cells, possibly up to 10 million and each B cell starts to produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.
When an antigen enters the blood or tissue fluid, there will be one B cell that has an antibody on its surface whose shape exactly fits the antigen - they are complementary.
The antibody therefore attaches to this complementary antigen.
The antigen enters the B cell by endocytosis and gets presented on its surface (processed).
T helper cells bind to these processed antigens and stimulate this B cell to divide by mitosis to form a clone of identical B cells, all of which produce the antibody that is specific to the foreign antigen.
This is called clonal selection and accounts for the body’s ability to do what?
This is called clonal selection and accounts for the body’s ability to respond rapidly to any of a vast number of antigens
A typical pathogen has many different proteins on its surface, all of which act as what?
A typical pathogen has many different proteins on its surface, all of which act as antigens
A typical pathogen has many different proteins on its surface, all of which act as antigens.
Some pathogens, such as what, also produce what?
Some pathogens, such as the bacterium that causes cholera, also produce toxins
A typical pathogen has many different proteins on its surface, all of which act as antigens.
Some pathogens, such as the bacterium that causes cholera, also produce toxins.
Each toxin molecule also acts as what?
Each toxin molecule also acts as a toxin
A typical pathogen has many different proteins on its surface, all of which act as antigens.
Some pathogens, such as the bacterium that causes cholera, also produce toxins.
Each toxin molecule also acts as a toxin.
Therefore, many different B cells make clones, each of which produces what?
Therefore, many different B cells make clones, each of which produces its own type of antibody