2.3: Energy and ATP Flashcards
All living organisms require energy in order to remain alive.
Where does this energy initially come from?
This energy comes initially from the Sun
All living organisms require energy in order to remain alive.
This energy comes initially from the Sun.
Plants use solar energy to do what?
Plants use solar energy to combine:
1. Water
2. Carbon dioxide
into complex organic molecules by the process of photosynthesis
All living organisms require energy in order to remain alive.
This energy comes initially from the Sun.
Plants use solar energy to combine water and carbon dioxide into complex organic molecules by the process of photosynthesis.
Both plants and animals then do what to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Both:
1. Plants
2. Animals
then oxidise these organic molecules to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
All living organisms require energy in order to remain alive.
This energy comes initially from the Sun.
Plants use solar energy to combine water and carbon dioxide into complex organic molecules by the process of photosynthesis.
Both plants and animals then oxidise these organic molecules to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as the main energy source to carry out what within cells?
Both:
1. Plants
2. Animals
then oxidise these organic molecules to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as the main energy source to carry out processes within cells
You cannot ‘make’ or ‘produce’ energy.
Energy can only be what and it can be what?
Energy can only be transformed from one type to another and it can be:
1. Transferred
Or,
2. Released
The structure of ATP:
How many parts does ATP have?
ATP has 3 parts:
- Adenine
- Ribose
- A chain of 3 phosphate groups
The structure of ATP:
ATP has 3 parts: Adenine - A what, ribose and a chain of 3 phosphate groups?
ATP has 3 parts:
- Adenine - A nitrogen-containing organic base
- Ribose
- A chain of 3 phosphate groups
The structure of ATP:
ATP has 3 parts: Adenine - A nitrogen-containing organic base, ribose - A what sugar molecule that acts as the what, and a chain of 3 phosphate groups?
ATP has 3 parts:
- Adenine - A nitrogen-containing organic base
- Ribose - A pentose sugar that acts as the backbone to which the other parts are attached
- A chain of 3 phosphate groups
ATP is the what currency?
ATP is the universal energy currency
ATP is a store of what energy?
ATP is a store of chemical potential energy
ATP is a store of chemical potential energy.
ATP is what to release what?
ATP is hydrolysed to release chemical energy
ATP is a store of chemical potential energy.
ATP is hydrolysed to release chemical energy that can be used where?
ATP is hydrolysed to release chemical energy that can be used in:
- Reactions
- Processes
When ATP is hydrolysed to form what, how much energy is released?
When ATP is hydrolysed to form:
1. ADP
2. Inorganic phosphate
,30.5 kJ of energy are released
How many main types of biological processes require energy?
3 main types of biological processes require energy:
- Synthesis
- Transport
- Movement
3 main types of biological processes require energy: Synthesis - The building of what from smaller molecules, transport and movement?
3 main types of biological processes require energy:
- Synthesis - The building of large, complex molecules from smaller molecules
- Transport
- Movement
3 main types of biological processes require energy: Synthesis - The building of large, complex molecules from smaller molecules, transport - Doing what by active transport and movement?
3 main types of biological processes require energy:
- Synthesis - The building of large, complex molecules from smaller molecules
- Transport - Pumping molecules or ions across the membrane by active transport
- Movement
3 main types of biological processes require energy: Synthesis - The building of large, complex molecules from smaller molecules, transport - Pumping molecules or ions across the membrane by active transport and movement - What require energy to contract?
3 main types of biological processes require energy:
- Synthesis - The building of large, complex molecules from smaller molecules
- Transport - Pumping molecules or ions across the membrane by active transport
- Movement - Protein muscle fibres in muscle cells require energy to contract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups. These 3 phosphate groups are key to what?
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are what and so have what?
The bonds between these phosphate groups:
- Are unstable
- So have a low activation energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means that they are what?
The bonds between these phosphate groups:
1. Are unstable
2. So have a low activation energy
,which means that they are easily broken
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means that they are easily broken.
When they do break, they release what?
When they do break, they release a considerable amount of energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means that they are easily broken.
When they do break, they release a considerable amount of energy.
As water is used to convert ATP to what, this is known as a hydrolysis reaction?
As water is used to convert: 1. ATP to 2. ADP ,this is known as a hydrolysis reaction
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means that they are easily broken.
When they do break, they release a considerable amount of energy.
As water is used to convert ATP to ADP, this is known as a hydrolysis reaction.
What is the reaction catalysed by?
The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase (ATPase)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide and has 3 phosphate groups.
These 3 phosphate groups are key to how ATP stores energy.
The bonds between these phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means that they are easily broken.
When they do break, they release a considerable amount of energy.
As water is used to convert ATP to ADP, this is known as a hydrolysis reaction.
The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase (ATPase).
ATP is resynthesized how?
ATP is resynthesized in condensation reactions