1.5: Lipids Flashcards
Lipids are a varied group of substances that share the following characteristics:
- They contain what?
Lipids contain:
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
Lipids are a varied group of substances that share the following characteristics:
- Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen is what?
The proportion of oxygen to:
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
is smaller than in carbohydrates
Lipids are a varied group of substances that share the following characteristics:
- Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen is smaller than in carbohydrates.
- They are what in water?
Lipids are insoluble in water
Lipids are a varied group of substances that share the following characteristics:
- Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen is smaller than in carbohydrates.
- Lipids are insoluble in water.
- They are soluble in what?
Lipids are soluble in organic solvents
Lipids are a varied group of substances that share the following characteristics:
- Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- The proportion of oxygen to carbon and hydrogen is smaller than in carbohydrates.
- Lipids are insoluble in water.
- They are soluble in organic solvents, such as what?
Lipids are soluble in organic solvents, such as:
- Alcohols
- Acetone
The main groups of lipids are what?
The main groups of lipids are:
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
The main groups of lipids are triglycerides, which are what, and phospholipids?
The main groups of lipids are triglycerides:
- Fats
- Oils
,and phospholipids
Triglyceride
A triglyceride is an individual lipid molecule made up of:
- A glycerol molecule
- 3 fatty acids
Fats are generally made of what fatty acids?
Fats are generally made of saturated fatty acids
Fats are generally made of saturated fatty acids, while oils are made of what?
- Fats are generally made of saturated fatty acids
,while
- Oils are made of unsaturated fatty acids
Fats are generally made of saturated fatty acids, while oils are made of unsaturated fatty acids.
Fats are solid at room temperature, whereas oils are what?
- Fats are solid at room temperature
,whereas
- Oils are liquid
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell what?
One role of lipids is in cell membranes
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as what?
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as:
- Cell-surface membranes
- Membranes around organelles
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the what of cell membranes?
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of what across them?
Phospholipids contribute to the:
- Flexibility of cell membranes
- Transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of what?
Lipids are a source of energy
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, what do lipids do?
When oxidised, lipids:
- Provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate
- Release valuable water
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be what?
Lipids can be waterproofing
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have what?
Both plants and insects have:
- Waxy
- Lipid
cuticles
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that do what?
Both:
- Plants
- Insects
have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing. Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce what?
Both:
- Plants
- Insects
have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing. Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for i?
Lipids can be used for insulation
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of what?
Fats are slow conductors of heat
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing. Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to do what?
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to retain body heat
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to retain body heat.
Lipids also act as electrical insulators where?
Lipids also act as electrical insulators in the myelin sheath around nerve cells
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to retain body heat.
Lipids also act as electrical insulators in the myelin sheath around nerve cells.
- Lipids can be used for p?
Lipids can be used for protection
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to retain body heat.
Lipids also act as electrical insulators in the myelin sheath around nerve cells.
- Lipids can be used for protection.
Fat is often stored where?
Fat is often stored around delicate organs
Lipids have many roles.
One role of lipids is in cell membranes, as cell-surface membranes and membranes around organelles.
Phospholipids contribute to the flexibility of cell membranes and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them.
Other roles of lipids include:
- Lipids are a source of energy.
When oxidised, lipids provide more than twice the energy as the same mass of carbohydrate and release valuable water.
- Lipids can be waterproofing.
Lipids are insoluble in water and therefore useful in waterproofing.
Both plants and insects have waxy, lipid cuticles that conserve water, while mammals produce an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands in the skin.
- Lipids can be used for insulation.
Fats are slow conductors of heat and when stored beneath the body surface help to retain body heat.
Lipids also act as electrical insulators in the myelin sheath around nerve cells.
- Lipids can be used for protection.
Fat is often stored around delicate organs, such as what?
Fat is often stored around delicate organs, such as the kidney
Room temperature
Room temperature is 10 - 20 degrees Celsius
Triglycerides are so called because they have what?
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride)
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride).
Each fatty acid does what?
Each fatty acid in triglycerides forms an ester bond with glycerol in a condensation reaction
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride).
Each fatty acid forms an ester bond with glycerol in a condensation reaction.
Hydrolysis of a triglyceride therefore produces what?
Hydrolysis of a triglyceride therefore produces:
- 3 fatty acids
- Glycerol
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride).
Each fatty acid forms an ester bond with glycerol in a condensation reaction.
The 3 fatty acids may all be the same, thereby forming a what?
The 3 fatty acids may all be the same, thereby forming a simple triglyceride
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride).
Each fatty acid forms an ester bond with glycerol in a condensation reaction.
The 3 fatty acids may all be the same, thereby forming a simple triglyceride or the 3 fatty acids may be different, in which case what is produced?
The 3 fatty acids may:
- All be the same, thereby forming a simple triglyceride
Or,
- Be different, in which case a mixed triglyceride is produced
Triglycerides are so called because they have 3 (tri) fatty acids combined with glycerol (glyceride).
Each fatty acid forms an ester bond with glycerol in a condensation reaction.
The 3 fatty acids may all be the same, thereby forming a simple triglyceride or the 3 fatty acids may be different, in which case a mixed triglyceride is produced.
In either case, it is what?
In either case, it is a condensation reaction
The glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is what?
The glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is the same
As the glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is the same, the differences in the properties of different fats and oils come from what?
As the glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is the same, the differences in the properties of different:
- Fats
- Oils
come from variations in the fatty acids
As the glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is the same, the differences in the properties of different fats and oils come from variations in the fatty acids.
There are how many different fatty acids?
There are over 70 different fatty acids
As the glycerol molecule in all triglycerides is the same, the differences in the properties of different fats and oils come from variations in the fatty acids.
There are over 70 different fatty acids and all have what?
There are over 70 different fatty acids and all have a carboxyl (-COOH) group with a hydrocarbon chain attached