3.4: Eukaryotic cell structure Flashcards
Each cell can be regarded as a what compartment?
Each cell can be regarded as a metabolic compartment
Each cell can be regarded as a metabolic compartment, a separate place where what occur?
Each cell can be regarded as a metabolic compartment, a separate place where the chemical processes of that cell occur
Each cell can be regarded as a metabolic compartment, a separate place where the chemical processes of that cell occur.
Cells are often adapted to perform a particular function.
Depending on that function, each cell type has an internal structure that suits it for its job.
This is known as the what of a the cell?
This is known as the ultrastructure of the cell
Each cell can be regarded as a metabolic compartment, a separate place where the chemical processes of that cell occur.
Cells are often adapted to perform a particular function.
Depending on that function, each cell type has an internal structure that suits it for its job.
This is known as the ultrastructure of the cell.
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus and possess membrane-bounded organelles.
They differ from prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria.
Using an electron microscope, we can see the structure of what?
Using an electron microscope, we can see the structure of organelles within cells
What is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s what material?
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s what?
The nucleus:
- Contains the organism’s hereditary material
- Controls the cell’s activities
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
The nucleus is usually what?
The nucleus is usually spherical
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
The nucleus is usually spherical and between how long in diameter?
The nucleus is:
- Usually spherical
- Between 10 and 20 μm in diameter
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a what?
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is what?
Its outer membrane is continuous
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with what?
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has what on its surface?
Its outer membrane:
- Is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell
- Often has ribosomes on its surface
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
It controls what?
The nuclear envelope controls the:
1. Entry
2. Exit
of materials in and out of the nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains what?
The nuclear envelope:
- Controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus
- Contains the reactions taking place within it
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow what?
Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules out of the nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as what, out of the nucleus?
Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around how many pores in each nucleus?
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each how long in diameter?
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter.
3. Nucleoplasm is what?
Nucleoplasm is the:
1. Granular
2. Jelly-like
material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter.
3. Nucleoplasm is the granular and jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
4. Chromosomes consist of what?
Chromosomes consist of:
1. Protein-bound
2. Linear
DNA
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter.
3. Nucleoplasm is the granular and jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
4. Chromosomes consist of protein-bound, linear DNA.
5. The nucleolus is a what?
The nucleolus is a small spherical region within the nucleoplasm
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter.
3. Nucleoplasm is the granular and jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
4. Chromosomes consist of protein-bound, linear DNA.
5. The nucleolus is a small spherical region within the nucleoplasm.
There may be what in a nucleus?
There may be more than one nucleolus in a nucleus
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts:
1. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface.
The nuclear envelope controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
2. Nuclear pores allow the passage of large molecules, such as messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
There are typically around 3,000 pores in each nucleus, each 40 - 100 nm in diameter.
3. Nucleoplasm is the granular and jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
4. Chromosomes consist of protein-bound, linear DNA.
5. The nucleolus is a small spherical region within the nucleoplasm.
There may be more than one nucleolus in a nucleus.
The nucleolus does what?
The nucleolus:
- Manufactures ribosomal RNA
- Assembles the ribosomes
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as what?
The functions of the nucleus are to act as the control centre of the cell
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as the control centre of the cell through what?
The functions of the nucleus are to act as the control centre of the cell through the production of:
- mRNA
- tRNA
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence what?
The functions of the nucleus are to act as the control centre of the cell through the production of:
- mRNA
- tRNA
- Hence protein synthesis
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis.
2. Retain what?
The functions of the nucleus are to retain the genetic material of the cell
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis.
2. Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of what?
The functions of the nucleus are to retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of:
- DNA
- Chromosomes
The nucleus is the most prominent feature of a eukaryotic cell.
The nucleus contains the organism’s hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Usually spherical and between 10 and 20 μm in diameter, the nucleus has a number of parts, the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromosomes and the nucleolus.
The functions of the nucleus are to:
1. Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis.
2. Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes.
3. Manufacture what?
The functions of the nucleus are to manufacture:
- Ribosomal RNA
- Ribosomes
Mitochondria are usually what?
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and how long in length?
Mitochondria:
- Are usually rod-shaped
- 1 - 10 μm in length
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a what?
Around the organelle is a double membrane
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that does what?
Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the:
1. Entry
2. Exit
of material
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is what?
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to do what?
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species do what?
Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend across the whole width of the mitochondrion
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
These provide what?
Cristae provide a large surface area
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
Cristae provide a large surface area for what?
Cristae provide a large surface area for the attachment of:
- Enzymes
- Other proteins involved in respiration
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
Cristae provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
3. The matrix makes up what?
The matrix makes up the remainder of the mitochondrion
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
Cristae provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
3. The matrix makes up the remainder of the mitochondrion.
It contains what?
The matrix contains:
- Protein
- Lipids
- Ribosomes
- DNA
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
Cristae provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
3. The matrix makes up the remainder of the mitochondrion.
The matrix contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA that allows the mitochondria to do what?
The matrix contains: 1. Protein 2. Lipids 3. Ribosomes 4. DNA that allows the mitochondria to control the production of some of their own proteins
Mitochondria are usually rod-shaped and 1 - 10 μm in length.
Mitochondria are made up of the following structures:
1. Around the organelle is a double membrane that controls the entry and exit of material.
The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
2. Cristae are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend the whole width of the mitochondrion.
Cristae provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
3. The matrix makes up the remainder of the mitochondrion.
The matrix contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA that allows the mitochondria to control the production of some of their own proteins.
Many enzymes involved in respiration are found where?
Many enzymes involved in respiration are found in the matrix
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
They are therefore responsible for the production of what?
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from what?
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as what?
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose.
Because of this, what?
Because of this, the:
1. Number and size of the mitochondria
2. Number of their cristae
,are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose.
Because of this, the number and size of the mitochondria and the number of their cristae, are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity and therefore require what?
Because of this, the number and size of the mitochondria and the number of their cristae, are high in cells that:
- Have a high level of metabolic activity
- Therefore require a plentiful supply of ATP
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose.
Because of this, the number and size of the mitochondria and the number of their cristae, are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity and therefore require a plentiful supply of ATP.
Examples of metabolically active cells include what?
Examples of metabolically active cells include:
1. Muscle
2. Epithelial
cells
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose.
Because of this, the number and size of the mitochondria and the number of their cristae, are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity and therefore require a plentiful supply of ATP.
Examples of metabolically active cells include muscle and epithelial cells.
Epithelial cells in the intestines require what?
Epithelial cells in the intestines require a lot of ATP
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
Mitochondria are therefore responsible for the production of the energy-carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates, such as glucose.
Because of this, the number and size of the mitochondria and the number of their cristae, are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity and therefore require a plentiful supply of ATP.
Examples of metabolically active cells include muscle and epithelial cells.
Epithelial cells in the intestines require a lot of ATP in the process of doing what?
Epithelial cells in the intestines require a lot of ATP in the process of absorbing substances from the intestines by active transport
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically what?
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically:
- Disc-shaped
- 2 - 10 μm long
- 1 μm in diameter
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a what?
The main features of chloroplasts are that the chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
It is highly selective in what?
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to:
1. Enter
2. Leave
the chloroplast
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are what?
The main features of chloroplasts are that the grana are stacks of up to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is what?
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have what?
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that do what?
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.
The grana are where what takes place?
The grana are where the first stage of photosynthesis (light absorption) takes place
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.
The grana are where the first stage of photosynthesis (light absorption) takes place.
3. The stroma is what?
The stroma is a fluid-filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugars) takes place
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.
The grana are where the first stage of photosynthesis (light absorption) takes place.
3. The stroma is a fluid-filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugars) takes place.
Within the stroma are a number of what?
Within the stroma are a number of other structures
Chloroplasts are the organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts vary in shape and size, but are typically disc-shaped, 2 - 10 μm long and 1 μm in diameter.
The main features of chloroplasts are that:
1. The chloroplast envelope is a double plasma membrane that surrounds the organelle.
The chloroplast envelope is highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
2. The grana are stacks up of to 100 disc-like structures called thylakoids.
Within the thylakoids is the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
Some thylakoids have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.
The grana are where the first stage of photosynthesis (light absorption) takes place.
3. The stroma is a fluid-filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugars) takes place.
Within the stroma are a number of other structures, such as what?
Within the stroma are a number of other structures, such as starch grains
Chloroplasts have DNA and may have evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells, but they are what, not cells?
Chloroplasts:
1. Have DNA
2. May have evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells
,but they are organelles, not cells
Chloroplasts are adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis in the following ways:
1. The granal membranes provide what?
The granal membranes provide a large surface area for:
1. The attachment of chlorophyll
2. Electron carriers
3. Enzymes
that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis in the following ways:
1. The granal membranes provide a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis.
These chemicals are what?
These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion
Chloroplasts are adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis in the following ways:
1. The granal membranes provide a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis.
These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion.
2. The fluid of the stroma possesses what?
The fluid of the stroma possesses all the enzymes needed to make sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis in the following ways:
1. The granal membranes provide a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis.
These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion.
2. The fluid of the stroma possesses all the enzymes needed to make sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain both what?
Chloroplasts contain both:
- DNA
- Ribosomes
Chloroplasts are adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis in the following ways:
1. The granal membranes provide a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis.
These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion.
2. The fluid of the stroma possesses all the enzymes needed to make sugars in the second stage of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain both DNA and ribosomes, so that they can do what?
Chloroplasts contain both DNA and ribosomes, so that they can:
1. Quickly
2. Easily
manufacture some of the proteins needed for photosynthesis
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is what?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an:
1. Elaborate
2. Three-dimension
system of sheet-like membranes
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an elaborate, three-dimension system of sheet-like membranes, spreading through what?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an:
1. Elaborate
2. Three-dimension
system of sheet-like membranes, spreading through the cytoplasm of the cells
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an elaborate, three-dimension system of sheet-like membranes, spreading through the cytoplasm of the cells.
It is what?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is continuous