53. Overseas Trade Flashcards
What was the main English export?
Woollen cloth
What happened to demand for woollen products at home and in Europe?
Demand declined
Where did much of the finance for enterprises come from?
Private investors
Who was the Muscovy Company trading with?
Russia
How did the Muscovy company trade with Russia?
Woollen goods were sold and furs brought back
What goods were imported from Russia later?
Hides, tan, timber, hemp, and wax
What were imports from Russia useful for?
Expansion of the navy
What was an aim of expanding into Russia?
To buy silk and spices using the route down the River Volga to Persia
What happened when Anthony Jenkinson of the Muscovy company arrived in Moscow?
He needed permission from the Tsar to proceed to Persia, but he found the factions at the court of Ivan IV quite difficult to circumvent
When did Anthony Jenkinson arrive in Moscow?
1557
What happened when Anthony Jenkinson arrived in Persia?
He found the Shah unwilling to do trade with non Muslims
When was the Persian route abandoned?
1573
Who developed another trading opportunity?
John Hawkins
What was John Hawkins new trading opportunity?
Trading slaves from the Guinea coast to West Indies
What did the Spanish claim?
A monopoly of trade with the American settlements, and the Spanish fleet attacked Hawkins in 1568
When did English merchants begin trading with the Mediterranean?
1570s
What did merchants from Hull complain about?
They couldn’t access the Baltic trade because all merchandise came to London
When was the Eastland Company formed?
1579
What was the Eastland Company?
Had a depot in Poland and tried to break into the Baltic trade. It was slow to grow but east coast ports benefited from it
Who cultivated closer links with India?
John Newbury and Ralph Fitch
When was the East India Company?
1599
Who was the spice trade monopolised by?
Spain and Portugal
What happened when the persecution of Protestants in the Netherlands increased?
Some Protestant cloth workers fled to England, bringing valuable expertise
Where did Protestant cloth migrants bring prosperity to?
East Anglia
