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History Tudors > 32. Puritan’s Aims And Methods > Flashcards

32. Puritan’s Aims And Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the term ‘puritan’ first used?

A

1560s

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2
Q

What was a common definition at the time of puritan?

A

The hotter sort of Protestant

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3
Q

What were the puritan beliefs more closely aligned to?

A

Continental Protestant beliefs such as Calvinism and zwinglianism

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4
Q

What were some of the most radical puritans?

A

Presbyterians

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5
Q

What did Presbyterians want?

A

Opposed to the use of bishops and wanted a less hierarchical structure

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6
Q

What did Protestants believe that the only basis for religious beliefs was?

A

The bible

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7
Q

What practices did Protestants not believe in?

A

Bowing at the name of Jesus, kneeling to receive communion and the wearing of vestments

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8
Q

What did Protestant defenders of the settlement believe about acts associated with the Catholic Church?

A

‘Adiophora’ (insignificant)

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9
Q

What were Protestants not content with?

A

Weren’t content with attending one service on Sundays and opposed games and entertainment on Sundays

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10
Q

What did puritans do on Sundays?

A

Often had private meetings in the afternoons, studying scriptures and reading devotional books

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11
Q

What were puritans hostile to the presence of?

A

The presence of bishops

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12
Q

Who were bishops appointed by?

A

The queen

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13
Q

Why did the puritans not have unified aims?

A

They were never an organised movement

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14
Q

What did puritans want to remove from the church?

A

Elements that were too Catholic or not based on biblical authority

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15
Q

What examples of elements that were too Catholic were there?

A

Holy days, the sign of the cross, and the surplice

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16
Q

What did puritans want to do about the structure of the church?

A

Change the hierarchical structure of the church

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17
Q

What did the puritans want to change about the hierarchical structure?

A

Wanted a reduction or abolition of the roles of bishops and archbishops

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18
Q

What did puritans want to improve?

A

The standard of the clergy and the amount of preaching

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19
Q

How many church services did puritans want on a Sunday?

A

Two

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20
Q

How did puritans want to remodel the English church?

A

Along the ideas of the Calvinist and Zwinglian churches of Northern Europe

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21
Q

Who was John Field?

A

Wrote the admonition to parliament in 1572

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22
Q

Who was Walter Strickland?

A

The MP who introduced a bill to reform the Book of Common Prayer to Parliament in 1571

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23
Q

Who was Peter Wentworth?

A

The MP who led an attack into clerical abuses in 1576

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24
Q

Who was Anthony Cope?

A

The MP who introduced the ‘bill and book’ into parliament in 1586

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25
Q

Who was Thomas Sampson?

A

Started the Vestiarian Controversy when he refused to wear the surplice in 1565

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26
Q

Who was Thomas Cartwright?

A

The Cambridge professor who introduced Presbyterian teaching in England

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27
Q

Who were Robert Browne and Robert Harrison?

A

Separatists who founded their own church in Norwich in the 1580s

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28
Q

Who were Henry Barrow and John Greenwood?

A

Separatists who founded their own church in London in the 1590s

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29
Q

What started the Vestiarian controversy?

A

Thomas Sampson refused to wear the surplice and was deprived of his position

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30
Q

What did Matthew Parker say about Thomas Sampson?

A

Said they could wear a very simple surplice

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31
Q

What happened to clergy who wouldn’t conform to wearing the surplice?

A

They lost their jobs

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32
Q

How many London preachers lost their job as a result of refusing to conform in 1566?

A

37 London preachers

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33
Q

What did some of the preachers who lost their jobs in 1566 set up?

A

Independant underground churches

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34
Q

Was there a lot of independent churches set up?

A

No

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35
Q

Who was Bullinger?

A

The main European puritan leader

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36
Q

What did Bullinger advise the puritans to do?

A

To give way to

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37
Q

When did Thomas Sampson refuse to wear the surplice?

A

May 1565

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38
Q

Who was the leading academic critic?

A

Thomas Cartwright

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39
Q

What did Thomas Cartwright introduce into England?

A

Presbyterian teaching

40
Q

What did Thomas Cartwright do in 1570?

A

He gave a series of lecturers criticising the Elizabethan church, in particular the role of bishops which he said didn’t reflect the bible

41
Q

What was removed from Cartwright?

A

His professorship was removed

42
Q

Where was Thomas Cartwright a professor?

A

Cambridge

43
Q

Who removed Cartwright’s professorship?

A

John Whitgift, the vice chancellor of the university

44
Q

What was published addressed to MPs but as a general appeal to the public?

A

The Admonition to Parliament

45
Q

Who published The Admonition to Parliament?

A

John Field and Thomas Wilcox

46
Q

When was The Admonition to Parliament published?

A

June 1572

47
Q

What did The Admonition to Parliament argue?

A

Argued for the eradication of superstitious practice and abolition of the current hierarchy of the church

48
Q

What did Elizabeth order would happen as a result of The Admonition to Parliament?

A

Field and Wilcox were arrested and spent a year in Newgate prison

49
Q

What was good about the Admonition for puritans?

A

It had a wide readership and was the start of a pamphlet war waged by Puritans

50
Q

What was written in 1573?

A

The disciplinale ecclesiale

51
Q

Who wrote the Disciplinale Ecclesiale in 1573?

A

Walter Travers

52
Q

What did the Disciplinale Ecclesiale argue?

A

That each congregation should have a minister, a teacher, and an elder, rather than bishops and archbishops

53
Q

What was published in 1589?

A

The anonymous Martin Marprelate Tracts

54
Q

What were the Martin Marprelate Tracts?

A

A series of crude pamphlets

55
Q

What did the Martin Marprelate Tracts do?

A

Alienated more people than they won over due to being so extreme

56
Q

How did the government fight back against the Martin Marprelate Tracts?

A

They destroyed printing presses and imprisoned extremists

57
Q

When did a small group of puritans begin to press for basic reforms in the government of the church in Parliament?

A

In the 1570s

58
Q

When did the puritans become more unified and organised?

A

In the parliamentary sessions of 1563 and 1566-7

59
Q

What did the more organised ‘puritan choir’ force Elizabeth into doing?

A

Adopting a more Protestant religious settlement than she really wanted

60
Q

What were the puritans concentrated on?

A

Developing the reformed religion at a local level

61
Q

What were prophesyings?

A

Meetings where prayers and sermons were said

62
Q

When were prophesyings increasingly used?

A

In the 1570s

63
Q

What did elizabeth view the prophesyings as?

A

Potentially encouraging unrest

64
Q

What did elizabeth order to happen about the prophesyings?

A

Ordered archbishop Edmund Grindal to suppress them

65
Q

What happened when Edmund Grindal refused to suppress the prophesyings?

A

He was confined to house arrest

66
Q

What movement developed in the 1580s?

A

classical Presbyterianism

67
Q

What was classical Presbyterianism based on?

A

Groups of local clergy who met in secret to discuss the scripture

68
Q

Who was the Classical Presbyterianism network coordinated by?

A

John Field, and they also remained in touch with international puritan groups

69
Q

What did the classical Presbyterianism movement aim to do?

A

Reorganise the church on the Genevan model

70
Q

Why did Elizabeth disagree with the genevan church?

A

She believed the monarch should control the church

71
Q

What happened when Whitgift became archbishop?

A

He set up a high commission to determine the clergy’s loyalty to elizabeth

72
Q

How many clergy were removed for being in sufficiently loyal by Whitgift?

A

Between 300 and 400 clergy

73
Q

Where was Walter Strickland from?

A

A gentleman MP from Yorkshire

74
Q

What did Strickland introduce in April 1571?

A

A bill to reform the book of common prayer

75
Q

What did the bill to reform the book of common prayer abolish?

A

The use of surplices, the ring in marriage, and kneeling at communion

76
Q

What did the privy council do about Strickland’s bill?

A

They summoned Strickland to answer accusations he had infringed on the queens prerogative

77
Q

What happened to Strickland?

A

He was barred from the House of Commons

78
Q

Why was Strickland allowed to return to the House of Commons?

A

After an outcry from MPs

79
Q

What happened to Peter Wentworth?

A

He was sent to the Tower of London

80
Q

When was cope an MP in parliament?

A

1586 Parliament

81
Q

What happened in the 1586 Parliament?

A

A lot of puritan MPs were chosen for Parliament

82
Q

What did Cope propose?

A

A ‘bill and book’

83
Q

What did the ‘bill and book’ say?

A

That the genevan prayer book would replace the Book of Common Prayer, and that the authority of bishops would be ended

84
Q

Who supported the bill and book?

A

Job Throckmorton MP

85
Q

What happened as a result of the ‘bill and book’?

A

On elizabeth’s orders, cope and four others were sent to the tower

86
Q

What did pro-government MPs argued about the bill and book?

A

That the bill meant that all former monastic land would have to be surrendered to finance the new church

87
Q

Who’s an example of a pro government MP?

A

Hatton

88
Q

What were separatists?

A

Puritans who weren’t prepared to compromise so set up their own church

89
Q

What was an example of a separatist church?

A

The plumbers hall congregation

90
Q

Who rooted out the Plumbers hall congregation?

A

Edmund Grindal

91
Q

When did Edward Grindal root out the plumbers Hall congregation?

A

1567

92
Q

What happened to Robert Browne after setting up their own church in Norwich?

A

He was temporarily imprisoned

93
Q

What happened to Robert Browne and Robert Harrison after setting up their own church in Norwich?

A

They emigrated to Holland in 1582

94
Q

What happened to Henry Barrow and John Greenwood after setting up their own church in London?

A

They were arrested and executed, marking the end of the separatist movement

95
Q

What was bad about the separatism movement?

A

It was very small and was never united

History Tudors (44 decks)

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