22. The Marian Persecution Flashcards

1
Q

How many Protestants were burnt during Mary’s reign?

A

289

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2
Q

How many of the burnings were women?

A

51

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3
Q

Where did most of the burnings take place?

A

In the south east

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4
Q

Where did half of the burnings happen?

A

London, Canterbury, and Colchester

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5
Q

Why were most of the burnings in the south east?

A

Because of the high concentration of Protestants, or because there were increased pressure on local authorities to act in these areas

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6
Q

Where were the burnings recorded?

A

In John foxe’s book acts and monuments, known as the book of martyrs

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7
Q

When was acts and monuments published?

A

1563

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8
Q

Who was John Foxe?

A

A committed Protestant who was in exile during Mary’s reign

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9
Q

Who were high profile victims?

A

Cranmer, Hooper, Latimer, and Ridley

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10
Q

What did Cranmer do?

A

He had recanted, and Mary could have executed for his involvement in the lady Jane plot and his role in ending her mothers marriage

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11
Q

How many victims of the burnings were from the gentry?

A

8

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12
Q

How many victims were clergymen?

A

Several dozen

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13
Q

Where were the bulk of victims from?

A

Humble backgrounds

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14
Q

Why were most victims from humble backgrounds?

A

Because wealthier committed Protestants had the option of going abroad

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15
Q

How many Protestant exiles were there in total?

A

800

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16
Q

When did Gardiner die?

A

Nov 1555

17
Q

What did the death of Gardiner mean?

A

A restraining influence was removed from Mary and resulted in an increase in persecution

18
Q

How many executions happened after Gardiner’s death?

A

274

19
Q

How many people attended burnings?

A

Large numbers of

20
Q

Why did Kent cherry pickers attend burnings?

A

As an opportunity to sell their produce

21
Q

What does the cherry picker’s intentions suggest?

A

That some onlookers were there to enjoy the spectacle

22
Q

What did foxes accounts report about the opinions of the crowd?

A

Reported widespread sympathy in crowds for the martyrs

23
Q

Who issued orders for the burnings?

A

London magistrates

24
Q

What orders did London magistrates issue?

A

Burnings should take place early in the day, to possibly stop disruption caused by apprentices

25
Q

What implied that there was support for Mary’s position?

A

Local authorises enforced the law

26
Q

What was sent to the government?

A

A large number of letters sent by JPs (justices of peace) in the south, encouraging them to act against heretics

27
Q

What did the letters indicate?

A

That there was enthusiasm for persecution, or it may indicate delays caused by the declaration of war in France in 1557

28
Q

How were the burnings relevant to the context of the time?

A

Thousands of people were killed in Europe in the 16th century in the name of religion