22. The Marian Persecution Flashcards
How many Protestants were burnt during Mary’s reign?
289
How many of the burnings were women?
51
Where did most of the burnings take place?
In the south east
Where did half of the burnings happen?
London, Canterbury, and Colchester
Why were most of the burnings in the south east?
Because of the high concentration of Protestants, or because there were increased pressure on local authorities to act in these areas
Where were the burnings recorded?
In John foxe’s book acts and monuments, known as the book of martyrs
When was acts and monuments published?
1563
Who was John Foxe?
A committed Protestant who was in exile during Mary’s reign
Who were high profile victims?
Cranmer, Hooper, Latimer, and Ridley
What did Cranmer do?
He had recanted, and Mary could have executed for his involvement in the lady Jane plot and his role in ending her mothers marriage
How many victims of the burnings were from the gentry?
8
How many victims were clergymen?
Several dozen
Where were the bulk of victims from?
Humble backgrounds
Why were most victims from humble backgrounds?
Because wealthier committed Protestants had the option of going abroad
How many Protestant exiles were there in total?
800
When did Gardiner die?
Nov 1555
What did the death of Gardiner mean?
A restraining influence was removed from Mary and resulted in an increase in persecution
How many executions happened after Gardiner’s death?
274
How many people attended burnings?
Large numbers of
Why did Kent cherry pickers attend burnings?
As an opportunity to sell their produce
What does the cherry picker’s intentions suggest?
That some onlookers were there to enjoy the spectacle
What did foxes accounts report about the opinions of the crowd?
Reported widespread sympathy in crowds for the martyrs
Who issued orders for the burnings?
London magistrates
What orders did London magistrates issue?
Burnings should take place early in the day, to possibly stop disruption caused by apprentices
What implied that there was support for Mary’s position?
Local authorises enforced the law
What was sent to the government?
A large number of letters sent by JPs (justices of peace) in the south, encouraging them to act against heretics
What did the letters indicate?
That there was enthusiasm for persecution, or it may indicate delays caused by the declaration of war in France in 1557
How were the burnings relevant to the context of the time?
Thousands of people were killed in Europe in the 16th century in the name of religion
