38. Plots, excommunications, and Jesuits Flashcards
Why did threats to elizabeth from Catholics increase significantly after 1568?
-Mary’s arrival to England
-papal bull of 1570
-northern rebellion
-massacre at st Bartholomew
-the arrival of seminary priests and jesuits
-Philip ended his dispute with French Catholics
When was the massacre at st Bartholomew?
1572
What was the massacre at st Bartholomew in France?
Many Protestants were killed at the hands of Catholics and convinced English Protestants that there was a European-wide Catholic conspiracy to exterminate Protestants
What was the idea that Protestantism was to be exterminated compounded by?
The assassination of William Orange by a Catholic
When did Philip end his dispute with French Catholics?
1585
What did Philip agree to do with the French Catholics?
Ally with them against Protestants in Europe
What did Pope Pius V issue?
The bull Regnans in Excelsis
When did the pope issue his papal bull?
April 1570
What did the popes papal bull do?
It excommunicated elizabeth
What did elizabeth’s excommunication mean for Catholics?
They were no longer obliged to recognise elizabeth as their queen
What would happen if Catholics continued to obey elizabeth?
They would be guilty of excommunication
What would any rebellion against the Queen result in according to the pope?
A papal pardon
Why was the papal bull mainly ignored?
Little effort was made to publicise it, and it was written in Latin
Why were most, especially landowners, more loyal to the monarch than the pope?
The established hierarchy was a key part of their own security
What was the first plot against elizabeth?
The northern rebellion of 1569
What was the Ridolfi plot?
A florentine banker, Roberto Ridolfi, plotted with Don Geurau de Spes, the Spanish ambassador, to marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk and put her on the throne
When was the Ridolfi plot?
1571
What was the Throckmorton plot?
Francis Throckmorton plotted with Don Bernardino de Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador, to remove elizabeth and replace her with Mary
What happened to Throckmorton?
He was discovered and executed in 1584
When was the Throckmorton plot?
1583
What was the Parry Plot?
William Parry, a Welsh member of parliament, intended to assassinate elizabeth
Who uncovered the parry plot?
Walsingham
What happened to parry?
He was hanged
When was the parry plot?
1585
What was the Babington plot?
Anthony Babington and some friends plotted to kill elizabeth and make England Catholic
Who was gonna help the Babington plot?
Spanish troops from the Netherlands
What did Babington do?
He forwarded Mary’s letters to her agent, Thomas Morgan
What did marys letters say?
She agreed to the murder of her cousin
What would happen without English seminaries?
Catholicism would have no new priests so would die out
Who set up a seminary?
William Allen
Where was William Allen from?
Lancashire
Where did William Allen set up his seminary?
Douai, France
Why is as the seminary set up in France?
To train young English Catholics to be priests, then return to work in England
When did the first seminary priests arrive in England?
1574
How many seminary priests came to England before 1580?
100
How many seminary priests were executed before 1580?
3
Who was the first execution of seminary priests?
Cuthbert Mayne
Where was Cuthbert Mayne executed?
Launceston, Cornwall
When was Cuthbert mayne executed?
1571
What act was passed in 1571?
An act that made possession of the papal bull treasonous
How many priests came after 1580?
179 priests in a five year period
How many of the priests who came to England after 1580 were executed?
24
What was established encouraged by William Allen?
An English college in Rome
Who established the English college in Rome?
Pope Gregory XIII
Where did most Catholic priests operate?
In the south east
Why did most priests operate in the south east?
Because of the proximity to the channel ports
How many priests were in the south east by 1580?
Nearly half of the priests in England
Where were most catholics?
In the north
Who were jesuits?
Missionary priests who were set up to reconvert places that had become Protestant
When and where were the jesuits founded?
Paris in 1540
When did the first Jesuits come to england?
1580
Who were the first Jesuits to come to England?
Robert Parsons and Edmund Campion
What act was passed as a result of the Jesuits?
An act against Jesuits and seminary priests
What did the Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests state?
Anyone could be put to death for being a Catholic priest , or giving shelter or support to a Catholic priest
How many deaths did the 1585 act cause?
98 executions of the 438 priests who arrived in England after 1585
Why was the effectiveness of Jesuits limited?
Because of rivalry with seminary priests
What was the archpriest controversy?
Seminary priests and Jesuits disagreed over whether the Jesuit George Blackwell should be appointed to have ultimate control over English Catholic priests
When was the arch priest controversy?
1598
