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Biology > 5.2 > Flashcards

5.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an autotroph

A

organisms that make organic compounds from simple inorganic compounds in their environment

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2
Q

define photosynthesis

A

the process by which living organisms capture light energy using chlorophyll to convert CO2 + O2 into simple sugars

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3
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

organisms that obtain complex organic molecules by feeding on other living/dead organisms

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4
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

explain the structure of a chloroplast

A

circular DNA
lamellae
thylakoid
granum
stroma
lipid droplets
starch granule
ribosomes

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6
Q

where is chlorophyll found in a chloroplast

A

thylakoid

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7
Q

what is the role of the lamellae

A

acts as a skeleton
maintains a working distance between grana to maximize light for efficiency

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8
Q

what is the role of the stroma

A

contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis

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9
Q

what are the main photosynthetic pigments

A

chlorophyll a (blue-green)
chlorophyll b (yellow-green)
carotenoids (orange-yellow )

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10
Q

what is the absorption spectrum

A

a graph of the amount of light absorbed by a pigment against the wavelength of light

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11
Q

what is the action spectrum

A

a graph demonstrating the rate of photosynthesis against the wavelength of light

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12
Q

how should you extract the pigment from a leaf for chromatography

A

grind leaves with propanone then filter till the filtrate is green

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13
Q

how do you calculate the Rf vale

A

distance of solute/distance of solvent

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14
Q

where are photosystem particles 1 & 2 found

A

PS1 - integral lamellae
PS2 - grana

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15
Q

where does the light dependent reaction occur

A

thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

what is produced in the light dependent reaction

A

ATP
H+ ions for the production of carbohydrates

17
Q

what reactions make up the light dependent reactions

A

cyclic & non-cyclic photophosphorylation

18
Q

Summarize what happens in cyclic photophosphorylation

A

light hits photosystem 1
electrons are exited & leave
electrons taken up by electron acceptor and transported to the electron transport chain where energy is released for chemiosmosis
they then rejoin photosystem 1

19
Q

what occurs in chemiosmosis

A

H+ ions actively pumped from low concentration in stroma to high concentration in the thylakoid space
creates a concentration gradient
H+ ions diffuse back across thylakoid membrane via ATP synthase which catalyzes production of ATP

20
Q

summarize what happens in the light dependent reaction

A

light hits chlorophyll electrons become exited so leave the chlorophyll molecule
exited electrons are then picked up by electron acceptors which synthesizes ATP via cyclic & non cyclic photophosphorylation

21
Q

summarize noncyclic photophosphorylation

A

lights hits photosystem 2
2 electrons gain energy
both leave photosystem 2 & travel to the electron transport chain & are replaced by electrons from the photolysis of water energy released from the electron transport chain helps in chemiosmosis electrons from photosystem 2 pass to photosystem 1 combined with H+ ions from photolysis of water and NADP is reduced

22
Q

what is a photochemical reaction

A

a reaction initiated by light

23
Q

define photolysis

A

the splitting of a molecule using light

24
Q

where does the light independent reaction happen

A

the stroma

25
Q

what reaction makes up the light independent reaction

A

Calvin Benson cycle

26
Q

what is produced in the light independent reaction

A

synthesis of carbohydrates

27
Q

describe the Calvin Benson cycle

A

CO2 + RuBp (5C) catalysed by Rubisco to form a 6 carbon unstable intermediate
it then forms 2GP (3C)
2GALP formed through the oxidation of NADPH and conversion of ATP to ADP
1/6 carbons from the 2GALP go on to form hexose sugars and 5/6 of the carbons form RuBp for the cycle to repeat

28
Q

what initiates the Calvin Benson cycle

A

carbon fixation by RuBp catalyzed by Rubisco

29
Q

how can GALP be used around a plant

A

production of glucose fuel to provide energy
building blocks of amino acids
converted to acetyl coenzyme
production of nucleic acid

30
Q

what is gluconeogenesis

A

the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates

31
Q

what are the 3 main limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

light intensity
CO2 concentration
temperature

Biology (33 decks)

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