1.1

Question 1

what are nitrate ions needed for

Answer 1

the formation of amino acids (DNA)

Question 2

what are phosphate ions needed for

Answer 2

the formation of ATP, ADP, DNA, RNA

Question 3

what are chloride ions needed for

Answer 3

nerve impulses

Question 4

define monosaccharide

Answer 4

organic monomer that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simple sugar

Question 5

name 3 hexose monosaccharides

Answer 5

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 6

what are the properties of glucose

Answer 6

small & water soluble
easily transported in blood
complementary shape to antiport for co-transport for absorption in the gut
complementary shape for enzymes for glycolysis

Question 7

what type of monosaccharide is ribose

Answer 7

pentose monosaccharide

Question 8

what happens in a condensation reaction

Answer 8

a chemical bond forms between 2 molecules & a molecule of water is produced

Question 9

what happens in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

a water molecule is used to break a chemical bond between 2 molecules

Question 10

what bond forms when 2 monosaccharides react

Answer 10

(1,4 or 1,6) glycosidic bond

Question 11

give the word equation for the formation of maltose

Answer 11

glucose + glucose -> maltose

Question 12

give the word equation for the formation of sucrose

Answer 12

glucose + fructose -> sucrose

Question 13

give the word equation for the formation of lactose

Answer 13

glucose + galactose -> lactose

Question 14

define polysaccharide and give 3 examples

Answer 14

polymer made from repeating monosaccharise units chemically bonded together
starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 15

what are the properties of amylose

Answer 15

1,4 glycosidic bonds
helix with intermolecular H-bonds which make it compact

Question 16

what are the properties of amylopectin

Answer 16

1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
branched so many terminal ends for fast hydrolysis into glucose

Question 17

describe the structure and function of glycogen

Answer 17

1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
branched so many terminals for fast hydrolysis into glucose
insoluble
compact

Question 18

describe the structure and function of cellulose

Answer 18

1,4 glycosidic bonds
straight chain holds up stem
H-bonds form cross links between parallel strands form microfibrils
high testile strength
alternate glucose molecules rotated 180

Question 19

how do triglycerides form

Answer 19

condensation reaction between one molecule of glycerol & 3 fatty acids form ester bonds

Question 20

compare saturated & unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 20

saturated:
only single bonds
straight chain- many contact points
higher mp- solid at room temperature
unsaturated:
contains C=C bonds
kincked molecule- fewer cintact points
low mp- liquid at room temperature
found in plant oils

Question 21

what are the properties of triglycerides

Answer 21

high energy:mass ratio
high calorific value
insoluble hydrocarbon chain
waterproofing- no effect on water concentration
slow conductor of heat (insulator)
less dense than water (buoyancy)

Question 22

describe the structure of phospholipids

Answer 22

glycerol backbone
2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
1 hydrophilic polar phosphate head