4.1 Flashcards
cell transport mechanisms
which component of the fluid mosaic model is the main transport system in the membrane
integral proteins
what are the 3 passive transport mechanisms
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
what are the 3 active transport mechanisms
endocytosis
exocytosis
active transport
define diffusion
movement of particles down the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
define facilitated diffusion
diffusion that takes place through carrier proteins or channel proteins
define osmosis
movement of solvent molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential down the concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane
define endocytosis
movement of large molecules into calls through vesicle formation
define exocytosis
movement of large molecules out of the cell through vesicle formation containing molecules within the surface cell membrane
define active transport
movement of substances directly across the membrane requiring energy
what factors effect how a substance is transported
size of molecule
solubility in lipids & water
polarity of the molecule
what are gated channels
protein channels that only open when a specific molecule or electrical charge is present
how do carrier proteins work
picks up a specific molecule
carrier then changes shape so it can move through the membrane
releases molecule on the other side
what is osmotic concentration
measure of the concentration of the solutes in a solution that have an osmotic effect
what is an isotonic solution
when osmotic concentration of the solutes in the solution is the same as that in the cell
what is a hypotonic solution
when osmotic concentration of solutes in solution is lower than that in the cell therefor water moves into the cell