5.1a-5.2b Flashcards
a subfield of psychology that explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness.
Health psychology
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health
psychoneuroimmunology
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
stress
the drive to move toward or away from a stimulus
approach and avoidance motives
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
under stress, people may nurture themselves and others and bond with and seek support from others
tend-and-befriend response
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries.
coronary heart disease
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, heard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people
Type B
in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges.
catharsis
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods
coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
problem-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
emotion-focused coping
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
personal control
the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
learned helplessness
the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
external locus of control
the perception that we control our own fate
internal locus of control
the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
self-control
the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of promoting strengths and virtues that foster well-being, resilience, and positive emotions, and that help individuals and communities to thrive
positive psychology
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used a long with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people’s quality of life
subjective well-being
people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
adaptation-level phenomenon
the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
relative deprivation
proposes that positive emotions broaden out awareness, which over time helps us build novel and meaningful skills and resilience that improve well-being.
broaden-and-build theory
a classification system to identify positive traits; organized into categories of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence
character strengths and virtues
the personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
resilience
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
aerobic exercise
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
mindfulness meditation
an appreciative emotion people often experience when they benefit from other’s actions or recognize their own good fortune
gratitude
