5.1 Flashcards
Proton
Position - Nucleus
Mass - 1 amu
Charge - +1
Function - Determines what element the atom is.
Neutron
Position - Nucleus
Mass - 1 amu
Charge - 0
Function - Holds the nucleus together.
Electron
Position - Outside the nucleus
Mass - ~0 amus
Charge - -1
Function - Reactivity
Isotope
A form of an element that has a different number of neutrons
Attraction
Opposite charges = Attract
Same charges = Repel
Coulombic attraction: Charge
Direct relationship
(x charge = x force)
Coulombic attraction: Distance
Indirect relationship
(x distance = 1/x^2 force)
Find the following for an atom with 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 15 electrons.
- Atomic Mass
- Element
- Ion Charge
Mass = ~27 amus
Element = Aluminum
Ion Charge = -2
Find the following based on a calcium atom with an atomic mass of 41 and an ion charge of +2
- # protons
- # neutrons
- # electrons
20 protons
21 neutrons
18 electrons
How are isotopes used in research?
Isotopes can be used in research as some are radioactive, letting us use their effects to do research. One example is carbon dating through carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of carbon that lets us find the approximate age of the Earth.
Why does Sodium have a weaker attraction for its valence electrons than Sulfur?
Because Sodium has less protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
Why does fluorine have high electronegativity?
Because fluorine only has 2 levels and only needs one more electron to complete its second shell, causing to be extremely reactive.
