10.2

Question 1

Mitosis Stages (in order)

Answer 1

Prophase
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- Spindle fibers form.
- Nucleus breaks down.

Metaphase
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate at centromere, moving to opposite poles.
- Proteins holding together sister chromatids are inactivated.

Telophase
- Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
- Daughter nuclei form
- Chromosomes disperse, so do spindle fibers.
- Cytokinesis begins.

Cytokinesis
- Cleavage furrow forms.
- Splits the cell in two.

Question 2

Types of stem cells

Answer 2

Tissue specific/ multipotent (adult)
- Can become many different specialized cells, but not all cells.

Pluripotent (embryonic)
- Can become any cell in our body

Induced pluripotent
- A cell that was at first not a stem cell, but then transformed into a pluripotent stem cell in a lab.

Question 3

Difference in parent and daughter cells after mitosis

Answer 3

None. They are the same.

Question 4

How do all of your body cells have the same genetic code, but different functions.

Answer 4

Because our body cells have certain enzymes that can activate or deactivate the production of certain proteins.

Question 5

What are transcription factors’ relation with cell differentiation.

Answer 5

They give cells their specializations by activating or deactivating the production or amount of certain proteins.