8.1 Flashcards
What was the procedure/set-up of Griffith’s experiment?
Griffith gave rats a certain strain of virus: one that was smooth which was deadly and one that was rough which wasn’t deadly. He also gave one rat a heat killed smooth strain and a rough strain with a heat killed smooth strain.
What was the procedure/set-up of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s experiment?
They took bacteria that killed mice and put it through a centrifuge in order to get the IIIS cells. They then extracted the protein, carbohydrates and lipids from it, treating each macromolecule with something that broke down each macromolecule respectively. They did this with each macromolecule in order to eliminate every possible macromolecule except for DNA.
What was the procedure/set-up of the Hershey and Chase expirement?
They took 2 viruses, one with a phosphorus base and the other with a sulfur base, and infected bacteria with it respectively. They then blended and centrifuged the bacteria to separate the viruses and bacteria in order to see if bacteria infected would be marked by the viruses’ respective macromolecule.
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is the structure of a DNA molecule?
Two antiparallel strands where nucleotides are paired together by A,T,C, or G, A pairing with T and C pairing with G.
Structural differences and similarities between RNA and DNA.
DNA = double strand and has A,C,G, and T
RNA = single strand and has A,C,G and U
Analyze Griffith’s, Avery’s, and Hershey’s expirements
Griffiths was trying to develop a vaccine to pneumonia, instead discovering his transformation principle.
Avery and company were trying to see which macromolecule caused transformation, proving it was DNA.
Hershey and Chase’s experiment essentially double-downed on Avery’s discovery since many other scientists were skeptical of this at the time.
In this organism’s DNA, it has ~30% T.
Find the approximated percentages of the other bases.
30% A
20% G
20% C
