11.1

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

Genotypes make phenotypes.

Question 2

Homozygous

Answer 2

Genotype has the same alleles:
RR
rr

Question 3

Heterozygous

Answer 3

Genotype has different alleles.
Rr

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Expressed trait

Question 5

Genotypic Ratio

Answer 5

Ratio of each genotype when two parents cross.
I.e., Bb x bb = 2/4 Bb, 2/4 bb

Question 6

Phenotypic Ratio

Answer 6

Genotypic Ratio, but with traits:
I.e., Bb x Bb = 1/4 BB, 2/4 Bb, 1/4 bb = 3/4 black, 1/4 brown

Question 7

Dominant vs. recessive

Answer 7

Dominant will always show if it is present.
Recessive only shows if there is no dominant gene present.

Question 8

Codominance

Answer 8

When a heterozygous genotype expresses a combination of the dominant and recessive genes.

Question 9

Mendel’s experiment

Answer 9

Started by true-breeding plants, 1 purple and 1 white flower.

He consistently saw 4/4 purple flowers for the F1 (BB x bb), then consistently saw 3/4 purple and 1/4 white flowers (Bb x Bb).

Question 10

Test cross

Answer 10

When two organisms cross (in an experiment), with one having a homozygous recessive genotype and the other having a dominant phenotype, but unknown genotype.