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CPR Exam 1 > 5. Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

5. Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the fxn of the conducting portion of lungs

A

warm, filter & humidify air

transmit to resp portion

=anatomical dead space bc no gas exchange

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2
Q

what parts are included in the conducting portion

A

nasal cavity, pranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, trachea

bronchi (1, 2 & 3), bronchioles & terminal bronchioles

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3
Q

what is the fxn of the respiratory portion of the lungs

A

pass air to alveoli for gas exchange

includes resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

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4
Q

what is the larynx

A

short passage for air btn pharynx & trachea

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5
Q

what are the walls of the larnyx reinforced by

A

hyaline cartilage (thyroid & cricoid)

elastic cartilages

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6
Q

what are the components of the larynx

A
  • true vocal folds/cords (nonkeratinized stratified squamous epi) - protect mucosa from abrasion
  • vocal ligaments: support free edges of vocal fold
  • vocalis m. allow movement of vocal folds
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7
Q
A

larynx

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8
Q

what is respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi

fxn: use mucus to protect airway & transport mucus up and out of resp tract via cilia

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9
Q

what is present in respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated cells

goblet cells

basal cells (mitotically active, replace dead cells)

lamina propria w/ rich vascular network & capillary loops

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10
Q
A

respiratory epithelium

cilia, goblet cells & basal cells

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11
Q

what are goblet cells

A

modified columnar epi cells

synthesize and secrete mucus

base occupied by basal nuclei and crammed w/ organelles

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12
Q

how doe goblet cells make mucous

A

mucigen granules on apical cytoplasm - exocytose into lumen - combine w/ water = mucous

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13
Q

what is the trachea

A

short, flexible tube = conduit for air

connect larynx to main bronchi

contain cartilaginous rings to keep lumen open

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14
Q

what are the four layers of the trachea

A
  1. MUCOSA: resp epi (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi) w/ elastic, fiber rich lamina propria
  2. SUBMUCOSA: denser CT than lamina propria
  3. CARTILANGINOUS LAYER: C shaped hyaline cartilage rings (bc esophagus behind it)
  4. ADVENTITIA: trachealis M; CT that binds trachea to adjust structure
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15
Q
A

trachea

mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, cartilage, marrow

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16
Q
A

trachea

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17
Q

what do the mucosa of the trachea contain

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi

goblet cells

elastic, fiber rich lamina propria

bronchi associated lymphiod tissue

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18
Q

what does the epithelia of the bronchi contain

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi (cells shorter in height)

less goblet cells than trachea

increased elastic fibers in lamina propria

19
Q

what does the submucosa of the bronchi contain

A

loose/areolar CT

few submucosal glands

irregular cartilage plates

20
Q
A

bronchi

21
Q
A

walls of bronchi

22
Q

what does the epithelia of the bronchioles contain

A

large = simple ciliated columnar

small = simple cuboidal

*club cells

increased elastic fibers & Sm. M

(few goblet cells)

23
Q

what is unique about bronchioles

A

no cartilage plates

24
Q
A

bronchioles

25
Q

what are terminal bronchioles

A

final part of conducting portion

cotnain club cells

simple cuboidal epi

26
Q

what are club cells

A

non ciliated, dome shaped

secrete lipoprotein to prevent luminal adhesion w airway collpse (expiration)

detoxify inhaled material

secrete antimicrobial peptides

27
Q
A

terminal bronchioles

28
Q

what are respiratory bronchioles

A

first part of resp portion

mucosa w/ opening to alveoli - some gas exchange

simple cuboidal epi w/ club cells

29
Q
A
  1. respiratory bronchioles
  2. alveolar ducts
  3. alveolar sacs
30
Q

what are alveolar ducts/sacs

A

simple squamous epi

increase SA via intricate organization to increase areas of gas exchange

31
Q

what are alveolar rings

A

groups of smooth M, collagen & elastic fibers that form ring around alveolar ducts

32
Q

what type of cells are the sacs of alveoli lined by

A

pneumocytes (type I & II)

33
Q
A

alveoli

simple squamous epi

34
Q

what are type I pneumocytes

A

squamous (flat)

line almost entire alveolar surface

-make surface for gas exchange (closely associated with capillaries)

35
Q

What secretes surfactant & what does surfactant do

A

type II pneumocytes (cuboidal, rounded)

reduce surface tension w/i alveoli to prevent collapse during respiration

36
Q
A

pleura

covered in flattened mesothelium

37
Q

what are the 3 components of the blood-air barrier

A
  1. type I pneumocytes
  2. fused basal laminae
  3. capillary endothelial cells

air in alveoli and blood in capillaries are seperated by these

38
Q

what occurs in asthma

A

sudden constriction of smooth m in bronchioles (no cartilage to keep it open) = bronchospasm

infiltration by eosinophils, lymphocytes & mast cells

thick bronchiolar epi w/ increased goblet cells, thick basement mem & hyperplastic smooth M cells

39
Q

pt presents with dyspnea, wheezing & a productive cough

what does this pt likely have

A

asthma

40
Q

premanent enlargement of air space after the terminal bronchioles & destruction of alveolar walls will lead to—-

A

emphysema

=sig loss of gas exchange bc decreased SA

41
Q

what causes emphysema & what are the symptoms

A

smoking, chronic inhalation of particulate material, genetic predisposition

dyspnea, cough, weight loss

42
Q

what is “red hepatization stage”

A

occurs in pneumonia

where lungs begin to look like liver bc

  • firm/heavy - due to fluid build up
  • red - due to increased RBCs in enlarged capillaries & air spaces

(air spaces can also have WBCs & fibrin)

43
Q

what are the symptoms of pneumonia

A

fever/chills

productive cough

decreased breathing sounds

crackles in lungs

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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