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CPR Exam 1 > 10. Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

10. Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what do EKGs show

A

electical events of heart - depol/repol

*electrical event happens BEFORE mechanical event (contraction)

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2
Q

which wave is associated with atrial depolarization & where does it begin

A

P wave

initiated at the SA node

=atrial systole

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3
Q

what is the PR interval

A

SA –> AV

Av is slower so there is a lag of depol in ventricles after atria

-this allows atria to contract & max volume into ventricles before the ventricles contract

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4
Q

where is electical signal sent after the AV node

A

bundle of His –> R/L bundle banches –> purkinje fibers

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5
Q

what order does the ventricle depolarize

A

1.septum –> 2. walls of both ventricles starting from apex

this order produces efficient ejection of blood out to As

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6
Q

what does the QRS complex represent

A

ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

what is the T wave & when does it occur

A

ventricular repol

-occurs after QRS with lag inbtn - allows time for all cardiomyocytes to be depol - get Ca2+ to M & contract

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8
Q

what is the time it takes to get from one P wave to the next

A

less than 1 sec (0.8)

=around 60 bpm

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9
Q

when is ventricular P lowest

A

at diastole - to create pressure gradient for blood to be pushed from atria to ventricle

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10
Q

what happens to the ventricular P as you move from the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex

A

increase slightly as the atria contracts

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11
Q

when does ventricular P increase significantly

A

QRS complex

ventricle depolarize

= isovolumetric contraction (all valves are closed) & peak after ejection begins

ventricles contract

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12
Q

what happens to ventricular P as ventricles repolarize (T-wave)

A

decrease

-ejecting blood out aortic/pul valve

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13
Q

what is diastolic blood pressure

A

= aortic pressure when aortic valve is open

aroudn 80 mmHg

reduced P bc blood leaving aorta

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14
Q

when does ventricular P drive aortic P

A

when ventricular P is above aortic and valves open to allow blood into aorta (same situation w/ pul valves)

aortic P follows ventricluar but slightly below

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15
Q

what is dicrotic notch

A

as the ventricles relax the ventircular P falls below aortic P & it diverges

aortic valve closes

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16
Q

what happens to the atrial P btn P & Q waves

A

atrial P increase slightly above ventricular P to create pressure gradient to force blood into ventricle

increase as th atria contract

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17
Q

what happens to atrial P during isovolumic ccontraction

A

atrial P increases

ventricles contracting - all valves are closed

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18
Q

what happens to atrial P when aortic/pul valves open

A

decreas quickly

-ventricle start ejecting blood

19
Q

why does atrial P gradually increase as ventricular contraction continues

A

increase gradually bc of venous return

20
Q

what happens to atrial P when AV valves open

A

atrial P decreases bc blood moves into ventricles

21
Q

what is ideal ventricular volume & how much of it is ejected at the end of diastole

A

depends on age no idea

-usually eject 60-70% of volume (never gets to 0)

22
Q

what happens to ventricular vol during the P wave

A

ventricular vol tops off

23
Q

when does ventricular vol decrease rapidly

A

when aortic/pul valve open & blood rushes out into aorta & pul trunk

24
Q

when is ventricular vol constant

A

isovolumetric contraction/relaxation

-all valves are closed

25
Q

when does ventricular volume increase

A

AV valve open

rapid & then slow

26
Q

what is the a-wave

A

atrial contraction

increase in jugular V pressure when atria contract after P wave - pressure reflected back to V

27
Q

What happens to jugular p during isovolumetric contraction

A

increases

-all valves are closed

28
Q

what is the c-wave

A

increase in P as the isovolumetric contraction in ventricles occurs (then decreases as aortic/pul valves open)

-bulging of the walls back into the atria

29
Q

what is the v-wave

A

blood returning to atria & backing up into jugular V

ventricular contraction w/ AV valves closed but aortic/pul valves open

blood back to heart but cant enter ventricle

30
Q

when does venous return occur

A

continously

31
Q

what is the 1st heart sound

A

closing of the AV valves as centricles contract

32
Q

what produces the 2nd heart sound

A

aortic/pul valve closing

33
Q

what sound is present as the ventricles fill rapidly

A

3rd sound

heard in children (in adults with special stethescopes)

34
Q

what is the sound that is due to blood entering ventricle during atrial contraction

A

4th sound

heard in children

35
Q

when does ventricular systole happen

A

QRS to beyond T

-ventricular contraction

36
Q

what happens in ventriclar diastole

A

ventricular relax

37
Q

what happens to ventricular P as blood moves from atria to ventricles

A

increases

38
Q

why is atrial pressure increasing during ventricular systole

A

blood continues to return to the heart but cant get into ventricle bc the AV valves are closed

39
Q

what are two important things to note about aortic P

A

significantly above the atrial and ventricular P - a lot higher to allow efficient perfusion into body

it decreases throughout atrial contraction and even into ventricular contraction

40
Q

when do AV valves close

A

when the ventricular P exceeds the atrial P

prevent back flow

41
Q

what is normal aortic and pul A pressure

A

aortic P = 120/80

pul A P = 25/15

*ventricular P must EXCEED DIASTOLIC P on each side to open the valve

42
Q

why does aortic P continue to drop throughout diastole

A

blood continues to leave aorta

peripheral run - off

43
Q

what are causes of murmurs

A

blood moving backward (in direction it shouldnt)

  1. systolic murmur : mitral regurgitation
  2. diastolic murmur: aortic regurgitation

blood having hard time moving in the direction it should (stenosis)

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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