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CPR Exam 1 > 18. Normal ECG > Flashcards

18. Normal ECG Flashcards

1
Q

what direction does a normal vector point for electrical cardiac activity

A

from upper right to lower left

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2
Q

how is the p wave normally represented in aVR

A

inverted

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3
Q

where is the p-wave normally upright

A

lead 1, 2, V4-V6, aVF

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4
Q

how long is a normal PR interval & what does it represent

A

0.12 - 0.2 secs ==> time from SA node to ventricular M

(anything greater = anomaly)

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5
Q

what is the timing for a normal QRS complex

A

0.05 - 0.1 sec

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6
Q

what does a normal Q wave look like

A

narrow/small

1-2 mm in lead 1, aVL, aVF, V5-6

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7
Q

what is indicated by a QRS complex > 0.12 secs long

A

bundle branch block

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8
Q

what does a normal ST segment look like

A

isoelectric (around baseline)

no more than 1 mm elevated in standard lead & 2 mm in chest lead

no more than 1/2 mm depression

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9
Q

what does a ST depression show

A

subendocardial injury/ischemia

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10
Q

what does a ST elevation show

A

subepicardial or transmural injury/ischemia

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11
Q

where is a T wave normally upright

A

leads 1, 2, V3-V6

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12
Q

how is the T wave represented in aVR

A

inverted

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13
Q

what is the shape of a T wave

A

slightly round, asymmetrical

height = no more than 5 mm in standard lead and 10 mm in precordial leads

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14
Q

what can a tall upright or inverted T wave show

A

ischemic pattern

hyperkalemia (tall upright esp)

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15
Q

ST elevation shows patterns of..

A

injury

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16
Q

abnormal Q wave or QS complex shows-

A

pattern of necrosis or infarcation

17
Q

what is the pattern for counting HR?

A

every large box count down - 300, 150, 100, 75, 50

18
Q

how do you find the axis on an EKG

A
  1. look at lead 1 and aVF - are they both up? if so = normal
  2. find smalled deflection
  3. look at lead that is perpendicular to the deflection
  4. axis = direction perpendicular lead is pointing
19
Q

how is P-mitrale represented on an ekg

A

broad, wide, notched

20
Q

what is indicated by a tall pointed P wave

A

P-pulmonale

21
Q

if a p wave is inverted –>

A

signs of AV jxnal rhythm

22
Q

prolonged PR intervals can be signs of–

A

AV block (coronary disease, rheumatic disease, etc)

hyperthyroidism

normal variation

23
Q

a shortened PR interval is indicitave of–

A

AV jxnal or low atrial rhythm

Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

lown-ganong-levine syndrome

glycogen storage

htn

normal variant

24
Q

what can this indicated

A

bundle branch block

25
Q

a large Q wave can be a sign of –

A

an infarction

26
Q
A

ST elevation from myocardial injury (acute/infarction)

=ST “fireman’s hat”

27
Q

a tall T wave can be indicative of…

A

myocardial ischemia in pt w/ angina but w/o infarction

or inferior infarction (tall upright)

28
Q

a deep inverted symetrical T wave can be a result of -

A

anterior infarction

29
Q

what are signs of a normal sinus rhythm

A

P wave before each QRS complex

PR interval < 0.2 sec

QRS < 0.12 sec

30
Q

HR > ______ = tachycardia

A

> 100

31
Q

HR less than 60 =

A

bradycardia

32
Q

is P waves follow QRS, what may be the rhythm

A

SVT (AV nodal re-entry tachycardia)

jxnal rhythm

33
Q

what rhythm may be present if no P waves are present

A

A-fib,

atrial flutter,

jxnal/ventricular escape rhythms,

jxnal tachycardia,

VT

34
Q

what are problems seen with L axis deviation

A

LV hypertrophy

L bundle branch block

Heart attack

precnancy, ascites, abdominal tumor

35
Q

what are problems seen with R axis deviation

A

lung disease

RV hypertrophy

R bundle branch block

36
Q

if an ekg shows lead 1 and aVF to be positive, the axis is-

A

normal

0-90

37
Q

how are the leads represented in a L axis deviation

A

lead 1 = +

aVF = -

(0 to -90)

38
Q

if lead 1 is neg & aVF is pos, then what axis do you have

A

right axis

90-180

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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