21. Thoracic Radiology Flashcards
how does a fractured rib appear on imaging
difficulte on x-ray ; CT = more sensetive
-often seen with hematoma
ribs 4-10 most common
what is a spontaneous pneumothorax
no trauma
- spontaneous rupture of alveoli thru visceral pleura so air leaks into cavity
- lungs collapse, compression of mediastinal structures & vessels
what is tension pneumothorax
& what can cause it
due to trauma where injury faills to seal (penetrating wound) or positive pressure ventilation during resuscitation
-lungs collapse & impare venous return that can lead to cardiac arrest
what is a pulmonary meniscus sign
seen with pleural effusion, lung cancer & pleurisy
meniscus bc surface tension btn 2 diff fluids in pleural cavity
accumulates in costophrenic angle on PA radiograph & substernal region on lateral radiograph
what is a coin sign
solitary, round, circumscribed shadows on x-ray
could be calcified
due to TB, neoplasm, cysts, vascular anomalies (pts could be asymptomatic)
what is a kerly A line
diagnol lines running from hila to periphery
caused by distension of anastomosic channels btn peripheral & central lymphatics
what is a kerly B line
short parallel lines at periphery = interlobular septa
perpendicular to pleura
what can be the causes of Kerly lines A or B
pul edema
lymphoma & other cancers
pneumonia
what is a result of fluid buildup w/ pericardial cavity
cardiac tamponade
causes = neoplasm, pericarditis, effusion due to renal failure, trauma
what are symptoms of cardiac tamponade
distant heart sounds
jugular distension
low BP, weak pulse
signs of shock
what does mixture of color mean in an echocardiograph
turbulence - regurgitation
