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CPR Exam 1 > 1. Thoracic, Osteology, Arthrology & Myology > Flashcards

1. Thoracic, Osteology, Arthrology & Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

thoracic diaphragm

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2
Q

what are the two openings of the thorax

A

superior and inferior thoracic aperatures

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3
Q

what does the sup thoracic aperature contain

A

trachea, esophagus, Ns & vessels that drain the head, neck & UE

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4
Q

what are the boundaries for the sup. thoracic aperature

A

T1 vertebral segment, paired 1st rib to superior part of manubrium of sternum

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5
Q

what does the inf thoracic aperature contain

A

esophagus, inf. vena cava, descending aorta

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6
Q

what are the boundaries for the inf. thoracic aperature

A

T12 vertebral segment, 11-12 ribs, 7-10 costal cartilages & xiphisternal joint

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7
Q

what are the 3 spaces of the thoracic cavity? &what do they contain

A

lateral- 2 pulmonary cavities : contain lungs and pleura

central: mediastinum: heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus & thymus

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8
Q

what bones make up the thoracic cavity

A

thoracic vertebrae

sternum

ribs

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9
Q

what are features of the manubrium of the sternum?

A

= superior part of sternum

  1. suprasternal notch (top border)
  2. sternal angle (of louis) = jxn of manubrium & body
  3. clavicular notch: contact sternal end of clavicle
  4. costal notches - 1 & half of 2
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10
Q

what are features of body of the sternum

A

long & narrow

  1. xiphoid/sternal joint = jxn of body w/ xiphoid process
  2. costal notches: half of 2, 3-6 & half of 7
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11
Q

what is the xiphoid process of the sternum

A

most inf part contains costal notch for half of 7

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12
Q

how do the ribs articulate with the sternum

A

NOT DIRECTLY - use costal cartilage inbtn

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13
Q

which ribs are typical ribs & what does that mean

A

1-7 (aka vertebrocostal) attach directly from vertebral segment to sternum with its own costal cartilage

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14
Q

which ribs are false ribs? What does that mean

A

8-10 (aka vertebrochondral) attach from vertebral segment to costal cartilage above the segment

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15
Q

what are floating ribs

A

11-12 (aka vertebral) do NOT attach sternum at all

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16
Q

what are parts of a typical rib?

what are its respective fxns?

A
  1. head: articulate with T-vertebrae via sup & inf articular facet (both facets connected via crest of head)
  2. neck: btn head and tubercle
  3. tubercle: articulate with transverse process of T-vertebrae
  4. costal angle: anterolateral turning point
  5. costal groove: house intercostal Ns & vessels
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17
Q

what are the atypical ribs?

A

1, 2, 10-12

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18
Q

what are characteristics of the 1st rib

A

broad, flat & wide

  • head, neck, tubercle & body
  • superior surface:
  • scalene tubercle (insertion of ant. scalene M)
  • grooves for subclavian A & V (V = ant)
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19
Q

what are characteristics of the 2nd rib

A

head, neck, tubercle & body

& also: tuberosity of serratus anterior M. (= insertion point)

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20
Q

what are characterisitcs of ribs 10-12

A

10-12 = one facet on each head

11-12- no tubercle, no neck

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21
Q

what are the various possibilities of rib fractures

A

complete break or pierce lung tissue

most common = middle ribs

can damage internal organs - leading to pain w/ respiration, coughing, laughing & sneezing

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22
Q

what is a supernumerary rib?

A

extra rib in cervical or lumbar region

in cervical region: costotransverse bar too large and compromise vessels to UE ==> Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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23
Q

what is costal cartilage

A

connect ant portion of rib to sternum

1-7 - individually connect

8-10: connect to costal cartilage one segment above before connecting to sternum

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24
Q

which ligament attaches to the tubercle of a rib

A

costotransverse L.

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25
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket, & compound

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26
Q

What are the types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, schindylesis, gomphosis, syndesmosis

27
Q

What are the types of cartilagenous joints?

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

28
Q

what are synchondrosis joints

A

primary cartilaginous joint

= usually temp - union of hyaline cartilage (btn diaphysis & epiphysis of growing bone)

! some can be permenant !

29
Q

what are symphysis joints

A

strong and slightly moveable joints

united by fibrocartilage

30
Q

which joints are classified as syMphysIs joints

A
  1. manubriosternal
  2. intervertebral joint
31
Q

which joints are classified as synchondrosis joints

A
  1. xiphisternal
  2. 1st sternocostal joint
  3. costochondral joints
32
Q

which joints are classified as planar synovial joints

A
  1. 2nd-7th sternocostal joints
  2. costovertebral joints
  3. costotransverse joints
  4. interchondral joints (6-9)
33
Q

what type of joint is the manubriosternal joint

A

symphysis

@ sternal angle & 2nd costal notch

34
Q

what kind of joint is the xiphisternal joint

A

synchondrosis

@ 7th costal notch

35
Q

what do anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal Ls do

A

attach costal cartilage & radiate out to sternum

all sternocostal joints

36
Q

what type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint

A

synchondrosis

37
Q

what kind of joint is the 2nd-7th sternocostal joints

A

planar synovial

38
Q

what kind of joint is the costovertebral joint

A

planar synovial

39
Q

how do the ribs articulate with vertebral segments

A

head of rib articulate with

  • superior costal facet of same numbered segment
  • inferior costal facet of one segment above

articulating facet of costal tubercle: same number T-vertebra

40
Q

which ligments help the costovertebral joints

A

radiate L: head of rib to vertebral body

intraarticular L: crest of head of rib to IV disc

41
Q

what type of joint is a costotransverse joint

A

planar synovial

(transverse process to rib)

42
Q

what two ligaments help the costotransverse joint

A

superior costotransverse L: neck of rib to transverse process one above

lateral costotransverse L: tubcle of rib to transverse process and same segment

43
Q

What is the purpose of the bucket handle movement and pump handle movement?

A

increase thoracic volume –> decreasing thoracic pressure –> inspiration

[up/out -> increase volume

down -> decrease volume]

44
Q

What is the bucket handle movement

A

elevation of LATERAL portion of rib –> increase transverse diameter of thorax

-move up and down

45
Q

what is the pump handle movement

A

elevation of STERNAL end of rib –> increase ant to post diameter of thorax

-move ant/post and slightly up/down

46
Q

what kind of joint is the costochondral joint

A

synchondrosis

47
Q

what is the difference btn a dislocation and seperation of rib

A

dislocation = at sternocostal joint

seperation = at costochondral joint

48
Q

what type of joints are the interchondral joints?

A

planar synovial : 6/7, 7/8, 8/9

fibrous joint: 9/10

49
Q

what are the T-vertebral joints & what are they classified as

A

intervertebral joint: symphysis

zygapophyseal joint: planar synovial

50
Q

What is the function of the interchondral L?

A

strengthen interchondral joint

51
Q

What are the ligaments of the thoracic spine?

A
  • anterior and posterior longitudinal L
  • ligamentum flavum
  • interspinous L
  • intertransverse L
  • supraspinous L
52
Q

What are all of the thoracic muscles innervated by?

A

intercostal N

53
Q

what are the 3 types of intercostal ms

A
  1. external intercostal M
  2. internal intercostal M
  3. innermost intercostal M
54
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external, internal and innermost intercostal Ms?

A
  1. Inferior border of ribs; 2. Superior border of rib below
    - external: 1 -post & 2- ant
    - internal: 1- ant & 2- post
55
Q

what is the fxn of the external intercostal M

A

elevate ribs

56
Q

what is the fxn of the internal intercostal M & transverse thoracic M

A

depress ribs

57
Q

what do the external and internal intercostal Ms turn into

A

external –> anterior intercostal mem & inferiorly - continous w/ external abd oblique Ms

internal –> posterior intercostal mem & inferiorly - continous with internal abd oblique Ms

58
Q

What separates the internal and innermost intercostal Ms?

A

intercostal N and vessels

59
Q

what is thoracentisis

A

insertion of hypodermic needle thru intercostal Ms to obtain fluid/drain small amount blood/fluid from pleural cavity

insert BTN RIBS! bc dont want to his neurovascular bundles (proper @ inf part of rib above & collaterals @ sup part of rib below)

60
Q

Where is a chest tube inserted? Why do you insert a chest tube

A

commonly in 5th or 6th intercostal space

remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood or pus from pleural cavity

61
Q

What is a thoroscopy?

A

insertion of thoroscope in pleural cavity for visualizing and biopsying space inside pleural cavity

62
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the transverse thoracic m?

A

O: posterior surface of lower sternal body and xiphoid process;

I: internal surface of the 2nd - 6th costal cartilages

63
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subcostal m?

A

O: inferior border of rib

I: superior border of rib

M across more than 1 rib space

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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