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CPR Exam 1 > 2. Body Folding & Body Cavities > Flashcards

2. Body Folding & Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 phases of embryonic development

A

growth - cell division & elaboration of cell products

morphogenesis - develop shape, size, etc based on gene expression & regulation

differentiation - cells organize in precise pattern of tissure & organ

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2
Q

what makes the intraembryonic coelom

A

small spaces in central mesoderm grow and combine to make a U-shape

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3
Q

what does the IE coelom divide

A

divides lateral mesoderm into -

  1. somatic layer (parietal) - continous w/ EE mesoderm covering amnion
  2. splanchnic layer (visceral) - continous w/ EE mesoderm covering umbilical vesicle
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4
Q

what is the somatopleure

A

somatic mesoderm & embryonic ectoderm

  • form body wall
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5
Q

what is the splanchnopleure

A

splanchnic mesoderm & underlying endoderm

-form embryonic gut

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6
Q

What drives the formation of the fetal position?

A

Growth at different paces

Development of the brain occurs faster than others driving the folding into fetal position. Lateral edges lag behind

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7
Q

what are the steps of cranial folding

& what is the result

A

week 4 (22 days) embryo elongate cranially & caudally - neural tube & developing brain tissue grows into amniotic cavity

grow over the orophayngeal mem

  1. places mouth in correct direction
  2. moves septum transversum, primordial heart, & pericardial coelom)
  3. forms foregut- primordium of pharynx, esophagus & lower resp system
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8
Q

what happens to the IE coelom after cranial folding

A

IE coelom repositioned into “folded U” & IE & EE coeloms in communication (caudal peritoneal cavity positioned to where IE & EE are continous)

folded U = pericaridal cavity (anterior) & 2 pericardioperitoneal canals on either side of (dorsal) forgut

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9
Q

what are the steps of tail folding

& what are the results

A
  • downgrowth of SC primordium into amniotic cavity
  • overgrowth & fold over cloacal membrane–> becomes anus
    1. reposition: hindgut (endoderm)
    2. primitive streak lies caudal after folding
    3. terminal hindgut dilate –> make cloaca = rudiment urinary bladder/rectum
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10
Q

what are the steps of lateral folding

A
  1. somatopleure extend ventrally from each side meet at midline & fuse ==> cylindrical embryo
  2. splanchnic later enclose developing gut (now gut surrounded by splanchnic medosderm for visceral layer)
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11
Q

Rapid growth of what produces the left and right lateral folds?

A

spinal cord and somites

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12
Q

What is the midgut connected to and when does it separate?

A

yolk sac,

separates during the 5th week of development

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13
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

extrusion of abdominal contents thru abd folds

not covered by peritoneum –> bowel exposed to amniotic fluid which is salty & corrosive (intrauterine consequence)

occurs to the right of the umbilical cord rather than midline

failure of lateral body fold to fuse when ant abd wall forms during 4th week

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14
Q

What is a congenital epigastric hernia?

A

MIDLINE bulge of abdominal wall btn xiphoid process and umbilicus

bowel NOT exposed to amniotic fluid bc it is covered by skin and subcutaneous tissues

pleuroperitonial folds didnt fuse with septum transversum

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15
Q

what cavities make up the IE coelom

A

pericardial cavity

pleural cavity

peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

what lines the cavities?

A

mesothelium

  • somatic mesoderm - parietal
  • splanchnic mesoderm - visceral
17
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity & pericardioperitoneal canals located in relation to the septum transversum?

A

pericardial cavity: cranial to the septum transversum

pericardioperitoneal canals: dorsal to septum transversum

18
Q

What suspends the foregut, midgut, and hindgut in the peritoneal cavity?

A

dorsal mesentary

-holds gut in place while folding and movement is going on

19
Q

what is the septum transversum

A

primordium of the central tendon of the diaphragm

20
Q

what do the pleuopericardial folds seperate?

How do they do this

A

heart from lungs

  1. start superior to developing lungs
  2. –> grow from lateral body wall and enlarge to make pleuropericardial membranes
  3. –> membrane fuse w/ mesenchyme ventral to esophagus (week 7)
  4. –> seperate pericardial cavity & pleural cavities
21
Q

what do the pleuroperitoneal folds seperate?

how do they do this

A

seperate lungs from abd

  1. start inf to lungs
    • enlarge and project into pericardioperitoneal canals
  3. –> form pleuoperitoneal membranes
  4. –> continue to form as the lungs develep and pleural cavity expands/invades the body wall

(attached dorsolaterally to abdominal wall)

22
Q

what happens when the bronchial buds grow into the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

split mesenchyme into:

outer layer (thoracic wall)

inner later (fibrous pericardium - outer later of pericardial sac)

23
Q

explain the steps of how the pleuroperitoneal fold grows

A
  1. grows toward midline becomes pleuroperitoneal membrane
  2. fuses w/ dorsal mesentery of esophagus & septum transversum (week 6)
  3. seperate pleural cavities & peritoneal cavities
  4. myoblasts migrate into pleuroperitoneal mem & close the process (right closes a litte before left bc its smaller)
24
Q

what 4 components contribute to the formation of the diaphragm & how

A
  1. septum transversum - fuse w/ dorsal mesentery of esophagus & pleuroperitoneal mem ==> central tendon of diaphragm
  2. pleuoperitoneal membranes - fuse with w/ dorsal mesentery of esophagus & septum transversum ==> primordial diaphragm
  3. dorsal mesentery ==> medial portion of diaphragm
  4. myoblasts - grow into the dorsal mesentery ==> crura of the diaphragm
25
Q

What spinal level does the diaphragm begin during development?

A

C1-C3

26
Q

How does the diaphragm receive phrenic nerve innervation?

A

myoblasts pull ventral rami of C3-C5 with them when moving –>

pass through pleuropericardial membranes –>

phrenic lies on the fibrous pericardium

27
Q

What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

- Failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to close the pericardioperiotoneal canal.

  • Usually due to lack of/decreased myoblast infiltration.
  • herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax.
  • 80% on LEFT side.
  • May delay lung development, lung hypoplasia.
  • Polyhydramnios may be present
28
Q

What is the omphaloenteric duct?

A

connection between the embryonic midgut and yolk sac. Walls are splanchnopleure

29
Q

what are the results of lateral folding

A
  1. form abd wall - incorporate endoderm to make midgut
  2. connection btn umbilical vesicle & midgut reduced (form omphaloenteric duct)
  3. umbilical cord forms- connection btn IE & EE coelom narrow
  4. amnioitc cavity expands - obliterates most of EE coelom

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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