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CPR Exam 1 > 22. Regulation of Arterial Blood & CPR Endo > Flashcards

22. Regulation of Arterial Blood & CPR Endo Flashcards

1
Q

What is mean arterial P (MAP)

A

driving force for blood flow (around 100 mmHg)

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2
Q

how do you calculate MAP

A

CO * TPR aka HR * SV * TPR or (2/3) DBP +(1/3) SBP

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3
Q

what 3 systems is Pa regulated by

A

baroreceptors, RAAS (endocrine) ADH & ANP

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4
Q

where are baroreceptors located

A

carotid sinus (respond to increase/decrease in MAP) –> use CN IX to get to brainstem

aortic arch (respond to mostly increase) –> use CN X to get to brain stem

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5
Q

what kind of receptors are baroreceptors

A

mechanoreceptors- respond to change in stretch/pressure &&& rate of change of P

chemoreceptors - respond to PO2,PCO2 & pH

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6
Q

when are baroreceptors most responsive

A

rapid change in arterial P

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7
Q

where do baroreceptors send signals

A

medulla (vasomotor center) –> then integrate into nucleus tractus solitarius

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8
Q

where do efferents travel

A

cerebral cortex & hypothalamus

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9
Q

what parts of the brain assist in parasym activity in the CV system

A

dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

nucleus ambiguus

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10
Q

what part of the brain causes sym activity in CV system

A

rostral ventrolateral medulla

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11
Q

what happens to MAP during hemorrhage

A

decrease bc decreased BV

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12
Q

how can a strength of AP be increased

A

increase freq up to certain point (around 200 mmHg in carotid bodies)

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13
Q

until what point can you decrease AP w/ decreased freq of firing

A

40-60 mmHg

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14
Q

how does the threshold of aortic bodies compare to carotid bodies

A

higher threshold

-continue to respond above saturation

BUT less sensitive to rate & less effective for decreases in pressure

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15
Q

what is the result when sym NS is triggered

A

-triggered when Pa decreases -

constrict arterioles & Vs (alpha receptor) –> increase TPR & VR

  • increase HR & contractility (beta 1 receptors)
  • fluid retention by kidney bc afferent arteriole constriction & renin secretion
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16
Q

what is result when parasym NS is triggered

A
  • triggered when Pa increases
  • decrease HR - vagus N to SA node via mAChR
  • indirect vasodilation on blood vessels
17
Q

what happens to baroreceptors during HTN

A

baroreceptors reset - adjust to the constant increase in P & now respond to higher set point

18
Q

what is the difference btn baroreceptors & RAAS/ADH/ANP

A

baroreceptors are quick to respond RAAS/ADH/ANP - long term adjustments - take longer to respond and last longer

19
Q

when is RAAS triggered

A

decrease Pa

20
Q

what occurs with RAAS stimulation

A

renin –> convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I –> use ACE to convert to angiotensin II –> 1. stimulate aldosterone –> increase Na reabsorption –> increase ECF –> increase BV –> 2. stimulate ADH production –> increase h2o reabsorption –> decrease urine production –> 3. global vasoconstriction of arterioles –> increase TPR & BP

21
Q

when can ADH secretion be stimulated

A

angiotensin II

atrial receptor (low preload)

increased osmolality

sym NS activation

22
Q

what does ADH do

A

increase TPR & water retention

23
Q

what are the types of natriuretic peptides &when are they secreted

A

ANP -atrial

BNP -brain

CNP -c-type

excessive preload of atria &ventricles

24
Q

what is the role of natriuretic peptides

A

protect against overdilation or overstretching of cardiac chambers

25
Q

when will the vascular fxn curve shift left

A

hemorrhage

dehydration/loss of body fluid

decreased VR, preload, SV, CO and/or MAP

26
Q

do chemoreceptor activator/inhibitors change with aerobic exercise?

A

no (if so, very very little)

27
Q

what occurs during anticipation of exercise

A

central command response 1. increase sym (beta-1) & decrease parasym 2. increase HR & contractility & VR 3. selective arteriolar vasoconstriction (alpha-1) to make sure blood goes to Ms

28
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension

A

decreased Pa upon standing -lightheaded, faint quick compensatory effects not working to quick change in P

29
Q

what happens to blood when you go from lying to standing

A

blood accumulate in Vs in LE –> increase capillary pressure –> edema &/or hypotension

30
Q

what is the compensatory mechanism for changes of position

A

stand –> decrease Pa –> baroreceptor detect change –> increase sym & decrease parasym –> increase HR, contractility & CO –> increase TPR (constrict arterioles) –> increase VR (constrict Vs)

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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