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CPR Exam 1 > 3. Thoracic Pulmonology > Flashcards

3. Thoracic Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

superior, middle & inferior

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2
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

superior & inferior

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3
Q

what seperates the superior lobe from the inferior lobe of the left lung

A

oblique fissure of the left lung

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4
Q

what does the horizontal fissure of the right lung seperate

A

superior lobe from the middle lobe of the right lung

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5
Q

what does the oblique fissure of the right lung seperate

A

superior & middle lobes from the inferior lobe of the right lung

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6
Q

what are the surfaces of the lung

A

mediastinal surface

costal surface

diaphragmatic surface

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7
Q

what is a hilum

A

place where things go in and out of the lung - located in the mediastinal surface

contain the:

Pul A

Pul V

Main Bronchus

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8
Q

how do you differentiate between the pul A & V in the hilum of the lung

A

pul A = thicker - low O2 content (more superior)

pul V = thinner - high O2 content (more anterioinferior)

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9
Q

what are the grooves present on the right lung

A

cardiac impression & groove for -

  1. Brachiocephalic V
  2. 1st Rib
  3. arch of the Azygos V
  4. superior & inferior Vena cava
  5. Esophagus

BRAVE

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10
Q

what grooves are present on the left lung

A

large cardiac impression & groove for -

  1. 1st Rib
  2. arch of Aorta
  3. Descending aorta
  4. Subclavian A

RADS

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11
Q

describe the borders of the lung

A
  1. anterior: thin & flappy
  2. posterior: tall & columnar
  3. inferior: ring around diaphragmatic surface
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12
Q

what direction is the hilum mostly pointing

A

medial

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13
Q

what are two areas of the left lung that are not present on the right

A

cardiac notch: indentation of anteroinferior superior lobe; creates the lingula

lingula: thin process of superior lobe

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14
Q

where do the borders project during a really deep breath

A

costomediastinal recess: ant border

costodiaphragmatic recess: inf border

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15
Q

how can lung cancer occur

A

can derive from actual lung tissue or bronchi

can metastasize to specifc lymph nodes of the thorax

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16
Q

what Ns may be affected by lung cancer

A

phrenic N

vagus N

recurrent laryngeal N

17
Q

how can you treat lung cancer

A

pneumonectomy: remove lung
lobectomy: remove lobe
segmentectomy: remove specfic bronchopulmonary segment

18
Q

what is pleura

A

serous membrane surrounding lungs

= visceral -contact lungs

=parietal -contact thoracic wall, mediastinum & diaphragm

19
Q

what is the pulmonary cavity

A

area that holds lungs and pleura

20
Q

what is pleural cavity

A

potential space btn 2 layers of pleura

contains serous lubricating fluid that reduce friction and produce cohesion thru surface tension

-prevent lungs from collapsing

21
Q

what is pleuritis

A

inflam of pleura

produce roughness –> difficulty breathing (lungs lose ease of gliding & sliding)

22
Q

what happens when air enters the pleural cavity

A

pulmonary collapse

  • break surface tension btn 2 layers of pleura
  • opened up space inside pulmonary and pleural cavity (stab wound)
23
Q

what is pneumothorax

A

entry of air into pleural cavity from penetrating wound to thoracic wall or rupture of pulmonary lesion into pleural cavity

result in collapsed lung

24
Q

what is hydrothorax

A

accumulation of excess fluid in pleural cavity

-due to fluid escape into pleural cavity or pleural effusion

25
Q

what is hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

-due to chest wound, laceration of intercostal vessel or internal thoracic vessel rather than laceration of lung

26
Q

what are lines of pleural reflection

A

abrupt changes in direction of parietal pleura

  1. sternal line - costal to mediastinal anteriorly
  2. costal line - costal to diaphragmatic
  3. vertebral line - costal to mediastinal posteriorly
27
Q

what are the sections of parietal pleura

A
  1. cervical
  2. costal
  3. diaphragmatic
  4. mediastinal
28
Q

what is the passage way of air

A

trachea –> main bronchi –> lobar bronchi –> segmental bronchi –> conducting bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts

29
Q

what are main bronchi

A

primary bronchi

-wider, shorter

right side runs more vertical than left

30
Q

what are lobar bronchi

A

secondary bronchi

associated with lobes

31
Q

what are segmental bronchi

A

tertiary bronchi

associated with bronchopulmonary segments

32
Q

what are conducting bronchioles

A

no more cartilage

carry air from segmental bronchi to terminal bronchioles

33
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A

respiratory bronchiole (some)

alveolar ducts (primary site) = fxnal unit of lungs

34
Q

what is bronchial asthma

A

widespread narrowing of airway produced by contraction of smooth M (constrict & inflammed)

edema of mucosa & mucus in lumen of bronchi & bronchioles

35
Q

what is bronchoscopy

A

insertion of bronchoscope into trachea to visualize main bronchi

36
Q

what are broncopulmonary segments?

A

piece of lung that has single blood supply and airway

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

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