5 Flashcards
The progression of erythropoiesis from prenatal life to adulthood is
A. yolk sac, red bone marrow, and liver and spleen
B. yolk sac, liver and spleen, and red bone marrow
C. red bone marrow, liver and spleen, and yolk sac
D. liver and spleen, yolk sac, and red bone marrow
B. yolk sac, liver and spleen, and red bone marrow
Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of erythropoietin?
A. Glycoprotein
B. Secreted by the liver
C. Secreted by the kidneys
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of erythropoietin?
A. Produced primarily in the liver of the unborn.
B. Gene for erythropoietin is found on chromosome 11.
C. Most erythropoietin is secreted by the liver in adults.
D. Cannot cross the placental barrier
A. Produced primarily in the liver of the unborn.
Stimulation of erythropoietin is caused by
A. tissue hypoxia
B. hypervolemia
C. inflammation
D. infection
A. tissue hypoxia
The maturational sequences of an erythrocyte are
A. rubriblast, prorubricyte, metarubricyte, and rubricyte- reticulocyte
B. rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, and metarubricyte- reticulocyte pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatic
C. normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, and reticulocyte
D. both B and C
D. both B and C
What is the immature erythrocyte found in the bone marrow with the following characteristics: 12 to 17 µm in diameter, N:C of 4:1, nucleoli not usually apparent, and basophilic cytoplasm?
A. Rubriblast (pronormoblast)
B. Reticulocyte
C. Metarubricyte (orthochromatic normoblast)
D. Prorubricyte (basophilic normoblast)
D. Prorubricyte (basophilic normoblast)
The nucleated erythrocyte with a reddish-pink cytoplasm and condensed chromatin pattern is a
A. rubricyte (polychromatic normoblast)
B. basophilic normoblast (prorubricyte)
C. metarubricyte (orthochromatic normoblast)
D. either B or C
C. metarubricyte (orthochromatic normoblast)
With a normal diet, an erythrocyte remains in the reticulocyte stage in the circulating blood for
A. 1 day
B. 2.5 days
C. 3 days
D. 120 days
A. 1 day
In a Wright-stained peripheral blood film, the reticulocyte will have a blue appearance. This is referred to as
A. megaloblastic maturation
B. bluemia
C. polychromatophilia
D. erythroblastosis
C. polychromatophilia
In the reticulocyte stage of erythrocytic development,
A. nuclear chromatin becomes more condensed
B. RNA is catabolized and ribosomes disintegrate
C. full hemoglobinization of the cell occurs
D. both B and C
D. both B and C
Increased erythropoietin production in secondary polycythemia can be caused by
A. chronic lung disease
B. smoking
C. renal neoplasms
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
What level of serum erythropoietin would you expect in this patient?
A. Significantly increased
B. Slightly increased
C. Within the reference range
D. Decreased
D. Decreased
What is the cause of this patient’s anemia?
A. Chronic bleeding
B. An acute bleeding episode
C. Lack of adequate EPO stimulation
D. Hepatic dysfunction
C. Lack of adequate EPO stimulation
Relative polycythemia exists when
A. increased erythropoietin is produced
B. the total blood volume is expanded
C. the plasma volume is increased
D. the plasma volume is decreased
D. the plasma volume is decreased
Which of the following is (are) characteristic(s) of megaloblastic maturation?
A. Cells of some leukocytic cell lines are smaller than normal.
B. Nuclear maturation lags behind cytoplasmic maturation.
C. Cytoplasmic maturation lags behind nuclear maturation.
D. Erythrocytes are smaller than normal.
B. Nuclear maturation lags behind cytoplasmic maturation.
Increased amounts of 2,3-DPG___________the oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin molecule.
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Does not alter
B. Decreases
After a molecule of hemoglobin gains the first two oxygen molecules, the molecule
A. expels 2,3-DPG
B. has decreased oxygen affinity
C. becomes saturated with oxygen
D. adds a molecule of oxygen to an alpha chain
A. expels 2,3-DPG
The limited metabolic ability of erythrocytes is owing to
A. the absence of RNA
B. the absence of ribosomes
C. no mitochondria for oxidative metabolism
D. the absence of DNA
C. no mitochondria for oxidative metabolism
Which of the following statements is (are) true of the erythrocytic cytoplasmic contents?
A. High in potassium ion
B. High in sodium ion
C. Contain glucose and enzymes necessary for glycolysis
D. Both A and C
D. Both A and C
The Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway uses _____ % of the erythrocyte’s total glucose.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 50
D. 90
D. 90
The Embden-Meyerhof pathway net gain of ATP provides highenergy phosphates to
A. maintain membrane lipids
B. power the cation pump needed for the sodium-potassium concentration pump and calcium flux
C. preserve the shape and flexibility of the cellular membrane
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The end product of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glucose metabolism in the erythrocyte is
A. pyruvate
B. lactate
C. glucose-6-phosphate
D. the trioses
B. lactate
The net gain in ATPs in the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway
is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
B. 2
The most common erythrocytic enzyme deficiency involving the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway is a deficiency of
A. ATPase
B. pyruvate kinase
C. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. lactic dehydrogenase
B. pyruvate kinase
If a defect in the oxidative pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt) occurs, what will result?
A. Insufficient amounts of reduced glutathione
B. Denaturation of globin
C. Precipitation of Heinz bodies
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The function of the methemoglobin reductase pathway is to
A. prevent oxidation of heme iron
B. produce methemoglobinemia
C. provide cellular energy
D. control the rate of glycolysis
A. prevent oxidation of heme iron
To maintain reduced levels of methemoglobin in the red blood cell, what chemical is necessary to maintain heme iron in a functional (2+) state?
A. vitamin B12
B. 2,3-DPG
C. lactic acid
D. NADH
D. NADH
Why would a patient have Heinz bodies in her red blood cells?
A. reduced amounts of glutathione
B. Decreased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity
C. Increased glycolysis
D. Decreased levels of ATP
A. reduced amounts of glutathione
The Luebering-Rapoport pathway
A. permits the accumulation of 2,3-DPG
B. promotes glycolysis
C. produces cellular energy
D. produces acidosis
A. permits the accumulation of 2,3-DPG
In conditions of acidosis,
A. erythrocytic glycolysis is reduced
B. available oxygen is decreased
C. the pH of the blood increases
D. all of the above
A. erythrocytic glycolysis is reduced
As the erythrocyte ages,
A. the membrane becomes more flexible with loss of cell membrane
B. cellular hemoglobin decreases
C. enzyme activity, particularly glycolysis, decreases
D. the cell maintains the ability move through the capillary circulation.
C. enzyme activity, particularly glycolysis, decreases
Extravascular red blood cell destruction occurs in
A. the circulatory system
B. macrophages of the spleen
C. lymphatic circulation
D. wandering macrophages
B. macrophages of the spleen
