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Question 1

1. Molecular techniques are being used to detect abnormalities of
   A. erythrocytes
   B. leukocytes
   C. some coagulation factors
   D. All of the above

Answer 1

D. All of the above

Question 2

2. The first inherited hematologic disorder to be diagnosed using molecular biologic assay was
   A. hemophilia A
   B. factor V Leiden
   c. sickle cell anemia
   D. CML

Answer 2

c. sickle cell anemia

Question 3

3. PCR testing is useful in
   A. forensic testing
   B. genetic testing
   C. disease diagnosis
   D. All of the above

Answer 3

D. All of the above

Question 4

4. The traditional PCR technique
   A. extends the length of the genomic DNA
   B. alters the original DNA nucleotide sequence
   C. amplifies low levels of specific DNA sequences
   D. amplifies the target region of RNA

Answer 4

C. amplifies low levels of specific DNA sequences

Question 5

5. PCR protocol
   A. doubles the specific amount of DNA with each cycle
   B. typically has three temperature steps
   C. repeats the number of cycles about 30
   D. all of the above

Answer 5

D. all of the above

Question 6

6. Variations of PCR include
   A. nested primers
   B. real-time PCR
   C. Microarray analysis
   D. Both A and B

Answer 6

D. Both A and B

Question 7

7. The method that continues to be considered the “gold standard* of DNA sequencing
   A. Sanger method
   B. Southern blot method
   C. Northern blot method
   D. Dot blot method

Answer 7

A. Sanger method

Question 8

8. The Southern blot procedure has diagnostic applications for diseases or disorders associated with
   A. significant changes in DNA (e.g., deletion)
   B. determination of clonality in lymphomas of T- or B-cell origin
   C. detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms
   D. all of the above

Answer 8

D. all of the above

Question 9

9. All of the following are true of FISH except
   A. The acronym stands for fluorescent in situ hybridization.
   B. It is a tissue-based molecular diagnostic assay.
   C. It is a prenatal diagnosis of a genetic disorder.
   D. It is useful in the diagnosis of various anemias.

Answer 9

D. It is useful in the diagnosis of various anemias.

Question 10

*10. Microarrays are
A. DNA probes bonded on glass chips
B. tissue-based probes
C. used to identify single-base mutations
D. used to determine clonality in lymphomas

Answer 10

A. DNA probes bonded on glass chips

Question 11

*11. Molecular techniques provide a diagnostic tool to
A. detect MRD in hematological malignancies
B. monitor patients following bone marrow transplantation
C. detect an early relapse in a patient treated for a hematological malignancy
D. all of the above

Answer 11

D. all of the above

Question 12

*12. Which of the following best describes the molecular alteration of the Philadelphia chromosome to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
A. The mutation produces an overly active tyrosine kinase that increases apoptosis.
B. The mutation reduces serine enzyme activity in affected cells.
C. The mutation involves translocation of a gene that is critical to myelocytic maturation.
D. Hematopoietic cells gain a proliferation advantage because of tyrosine kinase activity.

Answer 12

C. The mutation involves translocation of a gene that is critical to myelocytic maturation.

Question 13

*12. Which of the following best describes the molecular alteration of the Philadelphia chromosome to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
A. The mutation produces an overly active tyrosine kinase that increases apoptosis.
B. The mutation reduces serine enzyme activity in affected cells.
C. The mutation involves translocation of a gene that is critical to myelocytic maturation.
D. Hematopoietic cells gain a proliferation advantage because of tyrosine kinase activity.

Answer 13

C. The mutation involves translocation of a gene that is critical to myelocytic maturation.