45. High blood pressure/Hypertension Flashcards
What is blood pressure?
Force of blood against artery walls is too high, too often.
High blood pressure puts stress on heart cause heart disease and stroke.
Symptoms of High blood pressure?
None
To identify check your BP
For severe cases:
Severe headaches.
Nosebleed.
Fatigue or confusion.
Vision problems.
Chest pain.
Difficulty breathing.
Irregular heartbeat.
Blood in the urine.
How to measure BP?
A normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmHg.
Combination of two measurements:
Systolic: contracts =>blood flow out thus pressure increases to blood vassels. SystolicNormal 110–120 mmHg.
Diastolic: Relaxes and fills with blood. The normal diastolic pressure 70–80 mmHg.
What causes high blood pressure?
Cigarette smoking
High levels of saturated fat in your diet
High blood cholesterol.
Some medicines: COC,NSAIDs
Medicines for high blood pressure
ACE inhibitors : blocks Angiotensin II which narrow blood vassel. Ex: cilazapril, lisinopril, quinapril, enalapril, perindopril.
ARBs blocks: AT1 and AT2. Ex: candesartan, losartan.
Beta blockers: blocks adrenaline hormone, it make heart to work slower, also widen veins Ex: bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol.
Calcium channel blockers blocks Calcium in the cells of heart thus heart cant constrict strongly.Ex: amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine.
Diuretics: excreate water and reduce pressure from vains (also called water pills) such as bendroflumethiazide, chlortalidone, indapamide.
Medications may be prescribed during pregnency for hypertension?
Antihypertensives such as labetalol, nifedipine or methyldopa
low-dose aspirin from 12 weeks of pregnancy
calcium
magnesium sulphate to prevent seizures.
Self-care for high blood pressure
Stop smoking
Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
Eat a balanced diet
Eat less salt
Limit alcohol consumption
Be active every day.
