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AA > 4.4_2 Renal II Part II > Flashcards

4.4_2 Renal II Part II Flashcards

1
Q

ECF Volume regulation is also known as…

A

Long term regulation of blood-pressure

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2
Q

Distribution of body water is between what three compartments?

A

1) Blood
2) Interstitial Fluid (IF)
3) Intracellular fluid or cytoplasm

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3
Q

Distribution of body water is determined by what?

A

Number of osmotically active particles in each

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4
Q

___ and ___ are the major “osmolyte” salts that draw water into compartments

A

Na+

Cl-

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5
Q

If Na+ is retained…

A

So is water

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6
Q

Changes to plasma volume drive changes to…

A

Interstitial fluid volume (since they are in equilibrium)

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7
Q

What changes the plasma volume?

A

Na+ content

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8
Q

Regulation of Na+ content is achieved through what two ways?

A

1) Atrial natriuretic peptide

2) Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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9
Q

Each method of regulating Na+ content is ultimately influencing what?

A

Na+ reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

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10
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide responds to…

A

High blood pressure

High blood volume

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11
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide leads to..

A

Increased salt emanation and hence increases water elimination (shuts down the recapturing of sodium)

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12
Q

Stimulus of ANP

A

Increased stretch of baroreceptors in atria

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13
Q

Control center of ANP

A

Atria release ANP into the blood

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14
Q

Net effect of ANP

A

Peripheral resistance decreases, blood volume decreases, decreasing blood pressure

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15
Q

RAAS

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System

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16
Q

RAAS = Salt _____ = _____ plasma volume

A

Retention

Increased

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17
Q

What does RAAS begin with?

A

Renin

18
Q

What is renin?

A

An enzyme produced by specialized smooth muscle cells within juxtaglomerular apparatus surrounding the afferent arterioles of the kidney

19
Q

Why would renin be released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A 
Severe blood loss
Low Blood pressure
Low salt intake
Low plasma & Filtrate sodium
Stress, trauma, exercise
20
Q

What is severe blood loss and low blood pressure sensed by in RAAS system?

A

Baroreceptors of the afferent arteriole

21
Q

What is low salt intake and low plasma &filtrate sodium sensed by in the RAAS system?

A

Reduced delivery of Na+ to the macula densa cells (DCT)

22
Q

What is increased stress, trauma and exercised sensed by i the RAAS system?

A

Increased sympathetic stimulation of the arterioles in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

23
Q

Cells of the JGA

A

Granular cells

Macula densa

24
Q

Granular cells

A

Specialized smooth muscle cells that produce renin in response to stimuli

25
Q

Macula densa

A

Cells assess NaCl in DCT filtrate (If Na+ is low, it promotes renin secretion from the granular cells)

26
Q

What does renin do? (cascade)

A

Activates Angiotensin (from liver) to Angiotensin I by taking off some amino acids

27
Q

Is angiotensin I active?

A

No, it is inactive

28
Q

What is ACE and what does it do?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

29
Q

Where is ACE located?

A

In the lungs

30
Q

What are ACE inhibitors?

A

Very common medication for hypertension

31
Q

Angiotensin II causes..

A

(a) A global vasoconstriction of arterioles

(b) Increases secretion of the adrenal cortical steroid hormone ALDOSTERONE

32
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Increases the capacity of the distal tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb Na+

33
Q

How does the distal tubule and collecting duct reabsorb Na+?

A

Via increased expression of transport proteins

34
Q

Aldosterone: Na+ and H2O reabsorbed at the expense of….

A

K+ secretion

35
Q

Receptor and control center for aldosterone secretion

A

Adrenal cortex

36
Q

Kidneys regulate blood pH by altering plasma ____

A

HCO3-

Bicarbonate

37
Q

Normally, is all HCO3- reabsorbed from the filtrate?

A

Yes

38
Q

What cells express carbonic anhydrase to drive the CO2 + H2O to Bicarbonate reaction?

A

Type A and Type B Intercalated cells of the nephron PCT and collecting duct

39
Q

Increase in [H+] in plasma (acidosis0 would lead to..

A

Type A cells move more H+ into filtrate in tubule lumen, increase HCO3- in the blood

40
Q

Decrease in [H+] in plasma (alkalosis) would lead to…

A

Type B cells secrete less H+, excrete excess plasma HCO3- (into filtrate)

AA (21 decks)

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