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aa > 4.1 Digestive System part 2 (Submucosal secretions) > Flashcards

4.1 Digestive System part 2 (Submucosal secretions) Flashcards

1
Q

Submucosal secretions into the GI tract are from the…

A

Glandular epithelium in (salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, large intestine…)

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2
Q

Are the glands that produce submucosal secretions considered exocrine or endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

What two types of saliva do the salivary glands produce?

A

Serous and mucous

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4
Q

Serous saliva

A

Solubilizes food

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5
Q

Mucous saliva

A

Lubricates passage of food

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6
Q

What counteracts acidic foods? (Salivary gland secretions)

A

Buffers (sodium bicarbonate)

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7
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Initiates carbohydrate digestion by chemical digestion of food
-Breaks starch into disaccharides

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8
Q

4 layers of stomach lining

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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9
Q

Mucousal cells of the gastric pits

A

Mucous cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Endocrine (G) cells

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10
Q

Mucous cells

A

Secrete mucus on surface and in neck of glands, protect stomach wall from damage by acid and enzymes

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11
Q

Parietal cells

A

Secrete HCl

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12
Q

Chief cells

A

Produce pepsinogen enzyme, converted to active pepsin by stomach acidity (works best at pH less than 3)

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13
Q

Endocrine (G) cells

A

Produce hormones (Gastrin, histamine)

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14
Q

What enzyme takes carbon dioxide and water to make bicarbonate?

A

Carbonic anyhydrase

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15
Q

Net effect of HCl production by parietal cells

A

Stomach pH drops

Blood pH rises

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16
Q

Is the H+ going into the stomach active or passive transport?

A

Active

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17
Q

Is the HCO3 going into the blood active or passive transport?

A

Passive

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18
Q

Cells make up ____ but they themselves have _____

A

Villi, microvilli

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19
Q

Lacteal in small intestine

A

Lymph tissue, fat absorption

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20
Q

Enterocyte

A

Often called S cells because they are secreting

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21
Q

Where does the blood go after leaving the small intestine?

A

The liver! It gets first dibs on the nutrients absorbed from the intestine

22
Q

What enzymes are bound to the plasma membrane of absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine?

A

Disaccharides, peptidases and enteropeptidase

23
Q

Enteropeptidase

A

Activates inactive pancreatic enzymes by proteolytic cleavage

24
Q

Absorptive epithelial cells absorb chemically digested foodstuff, entry point for….

A

Glucose, amino acids, lipids…

25
Q

Goblet cells in small intestine

A

In duodenal glands, secrete mucus

26
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

Secrete hormones (Secretin, CCK)

27
Q

Paneth cells

A

Activate pancreatic proteases, phagocytize larger food borne materials

28
Q

Exocrine pancreas: Islet or Acinar cells?

A

Acinar

29
Q

Which cells lead to pancreatic cancer?

A

Acinar cells, can digest the tissue around them

30
Q

Acinar cells

A

Secrete digestive enzymes that target the four main biomolecules

31
Q

Acinar cells: Protein

A

Secreate proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) secreted as proenzymes

32
Q

What are the proenzymes secreted by acinar cells activated by?

A

Other enzymes residing on small intestine brush border

33
Q

Acinar cells: Carbohydrates

A

Pancreatic amylase: digests starch

34
Q

Acinar cells: Lipids

A

Pancreatic lipase: Digests lipids (triglycerides)

35
Q

Acinar cells: nucleic acids

A

Pancreatic nucleases: Digest DNA and RNA

36
Q

Intercalated duct cells

A

Aqueous component of pancreatic secretions

NaHCO3- neutralizes HCl in duodenum

37
Q

Net effect of pancreatic secretions into intestine

A

Intestine pH rises

Blood pH drops

38
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Carries deoxygenated, yet nutrient-rich blood from small intestine directly to the liver

39
Q

Hepatic artery

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

40
Q

Hepatic duct

A

Carries bile secretions to small intestine

41
Q

What are the cells actually doing the function in the liver called?

A

Hepatocytes

42
Q

Liver functions

A

Bile Production
Detoxification
Nutrient storage, synthesis, delivery

43
Q

What does the liver make?

A

Plasma proteins, albumen, fibrinogen, clotting factors

44
Q

Function of bile

A
  • Buffers stomach acid (NaHCO3)

- Emulsifies fats (bile salts)

45
Q

Liver detoxification

A
  • Amine acid metabolism creates ammonia, requires conversion to urea
  • Metabolize alcohol, drugs, foreign food molecules
46
Q

What does the liver do with vitamins and minerals?

A

Takes them in

47
Q

What does the liver do with cholesterol?

A

Lipoproteins for lipid transport to tissues

48
Q

What is the major secretion of the large intestine?

A

Mucus by goblet cells

49
Q

What is the main role of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorption of salts and water

-Epithelial cells reabsorb salts, water follows by osmosis

50
Q

Colorectal cancer
How deadly?
Precancerous…
Starts where?

A

Second deadliest

  • Precancerous Polyps
  • Starts in crypts

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