4.1 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3 Flashcards
Toxoid vaccine
purified macromolecule that represents the toxin of pathogen, induces immune response to toxin virulence factor, but the vaccine agent is modified to induce the immune response without the toxic effect
Killed vaccine
Pathogen that causes the disease is killed before use as a vaccine
Attenuated vaccine
live microbe that represents the pathogen but has been rendered avirulent, induces the immune response to the pathogen but has little if any pathogenic effect
Recombinant DNA vaccine
pathogen or its virulence factors are represented by the DNA that encodes critical virulence factor of pathogen. Once injected into humans or animals the
represented DNA is transcribed and virulence factor protein is made
Purified polysaccharide
usually capsular polysaccharide of the pathogen- less antibody response, tends to be IgM only and less effective, but still powerful enough to prevent infection.
Activated, proliferating B cells differentiate into? secrete
plasma cells that secrete antibody
What is the starting cell for adaptive immunity?
resting B cells that functions as cell signalling
What are the 5 humoral antibodies (aka immunoglobulin)?
IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD
resting B cells proliferate for how long?
2-3 days
How long until resting B-cells secrete anitbodies?
4-14 days
cellular immunity is dependent on interactions between?
T-cells and pathogens
What was the first vaccine?
an injection of cow pox was used as a vaccinations against small pox
Do toxoid vaccine use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?
NO pathogens, use only proteins to represent a real pathogen to help make an acquired response
Do killed vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?
use REAL deadpathogens
Do attenuated vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors? Ex?
use REAL pathogens that are still alive but DENATURED (Ex: polio)
Do recombination DNA vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?
DNA that represents virulence factors are used as pathogens
Do purified polysaccharides use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?
uses capsular polysaccharide (a key virulence factor) of a pathogen as a vaccine
Helper T cells makes T-cell cytokines, which can become what two things?
macrophage cytokines and cytotoxic T-cell
Why must vaccines be initiated at specific ages and not before?
If too young, the immune system isn’t mature enough or developed enough to handle the vaccine. If too old. can compromise weakened immune system
Point of boosters?
create a stronger immunity
Want ___% coverage to protect population just incase someone doesn’t have good antibody production
90%
Does everyone have the same level of antibody production?
NO. Some people have very low, while others may make more
Most vaccines induce high levels of? This prevents?
antibody production for a potential pathogen. This will prevent future initial infections
Does every vaccine have the same amount of effectiveness?
No. Each of these vaccines have various degrees of effectiveness compared to the others
