2.3 Inflammation Lec 2

Question 1

what produces inflammatory cytokines?

Answer 1

Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils

Question 2

inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial cells to produce?

Answer 2

chemokines

Question 3

chemokines produced by endothelial cells due to cytokines induce?

Answer 3

1) chemotaxis of WBCs

2) adhesion molecules which adhere to WBCs

Question 4

In the end, inflammation results in increased production of ? Responding to?

Answer 4

increased production of granulocytes from bone marrow and influx of WBCs **Responding to C5a, C3a, leukotrienes and chemokines

Question 5

Increase in vascular permeability due to histamine also increases the flow of?

Answer 5

Complement components and phagocytes (mono, macro, and neutro)

Question 6

Extravasation or transendothelial migration applies to?

Answer 6

o Neutrophils
o Monocytes
o Lymphocytes

Question 7

what does ECAM mean?

Answer 7

endothelial cell adhesion molecules

Question 8

what increases the expression of ECAMs?

Answer 8

The local production of cytokines, IL-8, IL-1, and TNF

Question 9

What is the #1 chemokine?

Answer 9

interleukin 8 (IL-8)

Question 10

What produces IL-8?

Answer 10

endothelial cells

Question 11

IL-8 stimulates neutrophiles via?

Answer 11

chemokine receptors

Question 12

IL-8 induces neutrophil migration but also induces a?

Answer 12

conformation change in integrins on neutrophils, increasing their affinity for ECAMs on endothelial cells

Question 13

Steps of Extravasation?

Answer 13

1) tethering
2) attachment/rolling
3) firm adhesion/crawling
4) extravasation

Question 14

What are the molecules on the nuetrophile that participate in tethering?

Answer 14

L-selectins and glycosylated ligands

Question 15

What are the molecules on the endothelial cells that participate in tethering?

Answer 15

iCAMs and P-selectin

Question 16

lysis means?

Answer 16

complete destruction, kills

Question 17

what are two important things that compliment activation does?

Answer 17

1) enhances opsonization

2) lysis- irectly kills microbe

Question 18

describe kinins?
They mimic?
cause what muscle contraction?
increase?

Answer 18

1) mimics some of the effects of histamine
2) small peptides
3) causes smooth muscle contraction
4) Increases vascular permeability due to contraction of vascular endothelium cells
5) Increases endothelial CAM expression

Question 19

kinins mimic_____ pain?

Answer 19

nerve

Question 20

kinins activate what pathway?

Answer 20

clotting pathway

Question 21

What is the proper term for clotting?

Answer 21

coagulation