3.3 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3 Flashcards
How many epitopes does a typical antigen have?
MANY
each epitope is recognized by a specific?
antibody
Some, but not all, of the antibodies are critical to blocking?
effects of virulence factors
Some epitopes do not induce
antibodies because they are too
similar to self. This is called?
tolerance
Recent studies have estimated
that the human microbiome contains
~20 x106 distinct genes each of
which may be?
an antigen and each of which possess multiple epitopes.
**As a comparison our own genome contains ~ 23 x103 genes
What are the two lineages of T-lymphcytes
cytotoxic T-cell and Helper T-cell
How long does it take an antigen-presenting cell, Cytotoxic T-cell , Help T-cell and B-lymphocyte to make whatever cell into circulation?
antigen-presenting cell= 3 hrs
Cytotoxic T-cell= 9 days
Help T-cell= 3 days
B-lymphocyte= 4 days
what cell is the “conductor” of immune cell?
T-helper cell
Cytotoxic T-cells are have granules full of?
Granzyme; are the toxic molecules that kill the virus
Cytotoxic T-cells target?
viruses
T-helper cell make?
cytokines in 3 days
what are cytokines?
communication molecules of immune system
B-lymphocytes make?
more of the same antibody
An untreated HIV infection progresses to? Why? This is bad why?
AIDS;
- due to decline of T-helper lymphocytes and progress of HIV/AIDS
- *BAD bc it leads to an increase of life-threatening infections, opportunistic infections, and death
Adaptive Immunity
the ability to resist disease caused by foreign microbes that requires some form of prior exposure to the antigens of that microbe
