3.3 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3 Flashcards
How many epitopes does a typical antigen have?
MANY
each epitope is recognized by a specific?
antibody
Some, but not all, of the antibodies are critical to blocking?
effects of virulence factors
Some epitopes do not induce
antibodies because they are too
similar to self. This is called?
tolerance
Recent studies have estimated
that the human microbiome contains
~20 x106 distinct genes each of
which may be?
an antigen and each of which possess multiple epitopes.
**As a comparison our own genome contains ~ 23 x103 genes
What are the two lineages of T-lymphcytes
cytotoxic T-cell and Helper T-cell
How long does it take an antigen-presenting cell, Cytotoxic T-cell , Help T-cell and B-lymphocyte to make whatever cell into circulation?
antigen-presenting cell= 3 hrs
Cytotoxic T-cell= 9 days
Help T-cell= 3 days
B-lymphocyte= 4 days
what cell is the “conductor” of immune cell?
T-helper cell
Cytotoxic T-cells are have granules full of?
Granzyme; are the toxic molecules that kill the virus
Cytotoxic T-cells target?
viruses
T-helper cell make?
cytokines in 3 days
what are cytokines?
communication molecules of immune system
B-lymphocytes make?
more of the same antibody
An untreated HIV infection progresses to? Why? This is bad why?
AIDS;
- due to decline of T-helper lymphocytes and progress of HIV/AIDS
- *BAD bc it leads to an increase of life-threatening infections, opportunistic infections, and death
Adaptive Immunity
the ability to resist disease caused by foreign microbes that requires some form of prior exposure to the antigens of that microbe
is it more common for artificial or natural active immunity to lead to life-long immunity?
natural
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
1) active immunity
2) passive immunity
active immunity
- *immunization with a vaccine (artificial)
* *infection (natural)
passive immunity
- *adoptive transfer of antibody in the clinic (artificial)
* *antibody in mother’s milk, placental transfer (natural)
Humoral immunity
is the immunity that defines antibody molecules
another name for antibody?
immunoglobulin (Ig)
antibody aka immunoglobulin (Ig) can work with or without?
complement proteins
What are the 5 different types of immunoglobulins?
- IgG
- IgA
- IgM
- IgD
- IgE
antibodies are classified as?
Humoral immune responses
Cellular immunity part of adaptive immunity is defined by what cells?
helper T cells
macrophages
cytokines (produced by helper T cells or macrophages)
cytotoxic T cells
often referred to as delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)
There are two halves of immune system physical components
cellular and molecular
DTH stands for?
delayed type hypersensitivity (aka cellular immunity)
