3.3 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3

Question 1

How many epitopes does a typical antigen have?

Answer 1

MANY

Question 2

each epitope is recognized by a specific?

Answer 2

antibody

Question 3

Some, but not all, of the antibodies are critical to blocking?

Answer 3

effects of virulence factors

Question 4

Some epitopes do not induce
antibodies because they are too
similar to self. This is called?

Answer 4

tolerance

Question 5

Recent studies have estimated
that the human microbiome contains
~20 x106 distinct genes each of
which may be?

Answer 5

an antigen and each of which possess multiple epitopes.

**As a comparison our own genome contains ~ 23 x103 genes

Question 6

What are the two lineages of T-lymphcytes

Answer 6

cytotoxic T-cell and Helper T-cell

Question 7

How long does it take an antigen-presenting cell, Cytotoxic T-cell , Help T-cell and B-lymphocyte to make whatever cell into circulation?

Answer 7

antigen-presenting cell= 3 hrs
Cytotoxic T-cell= 9 days
Help T-cell= 3 days
B-lymphocyte= 4 days

Question 8

what cell is the “conductor” of immune cell?

Answer 8

T-helper cell

Question 9

Cytotoxic T-cells are have granules full of?

Answer 9

Granzyme; are the toxic molecules that kill the virus

Question 10

Cytotoxic T-cells target?

Answer 10

viruses

Question 11

T-helper cell make?

Answer 11

cytokines in 3 days

Question 12

what are cytokines?

Answer 12

communication molecules of immune system

Question 13

B-lymphocytes make?

Answer 13

more of the same antibody

Question 14

An untreated HIV infection progresses to? Why? This is bad why?

Answer 14

AIDS;

• due to decline of T-helper lymphocytes and progress of HIV/AIDS
• *BAD bc it leads to an increase of life-threatening infections, opportunistic infections, and death

Question 15

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 15

the ability to resist disease caused by foreign microbes that requires some form of prior exposure to the antigens of that microbe

Question 16

is it more common for artificial or natural active immunity to lead to life-long immunity?

Answer 16

natural

Question 17

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 17

1) active immunity

2) passive immunity

Question 18

active immunity

Answer 18

• *immunization with a vaccine (artificial)

* *infection (natural)

Question 19

passive immunity

Answer 19

• *adoptive transfer of antibody in the clinic (artificial)

* *antibody in mother’s milk, placental transfer (natural)

Question 20

Humoral immunity

Answer 20

is the immunity that defines antibody molecules

Question 21

another name for antibody?

Answer 21

immunoglobulin (Ig)

Question 22

antibody aka immunoglobulin (Ig) can work with or without?

Answer 22

complement proteins

Question 23

What are the 5 different types of immunoglobulins?

Answer 23

• IgG
• IgA
• IgM
• IgD
• IgE

Question 24

antibodies are classified as?

Answer 24

Humoral immune responses

Question 25

Cellular immunity part of adaptive immunity is defined by what cells?

Answer 25

 helper T cells  macrophages  cytokines (produced by helper T cells or macrophages)  cytotoxic T cells  often referred to as delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)

Question 26

There are two halves of immune system physical components

Answer 26

cellular and molecular

Question 27

DTH stands for?

Answer 27

delayed type hypersensitivity (aka cellular immunity)