2.2 Inflammation Lec 2 Flashcards
What is the most primordial immune function?
inflammation (even invertebrate animals have this response)
inflammation is a response to?
injury infection trauma surgery chemicals
Characteristics of Inflammation
- swelling
- redness
- heat
- pain
- loss of function (reserved for chronic inflammation
inflammation involves many of the cells and molecules of _____ immunity
innate
Major events of inflammation (3)
- Vasodilation
- Increase in capillary permeability resultingg in
- Influx of phagocytes
How is an influx of phagocytes achieved?
through a process called diapedesis or extravasationfollowing chemotaxis
what is vasodilation?
increase in diameter of blood vessels
*with inflammation, it lowers blood pressure at that location
chemotaxis
the directed migration of cells towards a specific tissue area
*Causes diapedesis or extravasation
Increase in capillary permeability resulting in?
exudate (fluid accumulation)
swelling (edema)
What is edema?
swelling; hallmark of inflammation
What is exudate?
fluid accumulation
The gingival lamina propria is rich in phagocytes such as?
mostly neutrophils but also macrophagesthat accumulate in response to inflammation
The gingival lamina propria accumulates what cells?
lymphocytes and phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages)
extravasation
white blood cells adhere to endothelium and migrate past endothelium
What two Characteristics of inflammation are associated with influx of blood?
- redness (associated with an influx of blood)
- heat (Also related to influx of blood coming from the core, which is elevated in temperature compared to blood from periphery)
HOW does an influx of phagocytes due to inflammation occur? What are the major phagos?
**Occurs through a process called diapedesis or extravasation
§ Monocytes
§ Macrophages
§ Neutrophils
Difference in gingivitis and periodontitis?
- gingivitis is expected and the 1st level of inflammation; considered the control in periodontal research
- periodontitis is chronic inflammation
How long does it take inflammatory response to start after injury?
minutes to hours; it’s quick
general diffinition of extravasation?
WBCs adhere to endothelium and migrate past endothelium
Sequence of an inflammatory steps of response?
*Must know
1) chemical signals from microbes trigger complement activation that then trigger mast cell degranulation and histamine release
2) histamine from mast cells increases local vascular permeability causing a flow of fluid, WBCs, and RBCs through endothelium. Therefore more blood fluid to the affected area; more complement components
3) vascular endotheliual cells produce adhesion molecules to which WBCs adhere
4) hematopoiesis is stimulated causing increased production of granulocytes
5) complement activation increased migration -chemotaxis of WBCs
6) WBCs adhere to endothelium and migrate past endothelium -extravasation
7) additional phagocytes such as monocytes, macrophages, and nuetrophils enter into the site of infection/injury
Innate Immunity steps of response?
*Must know
1) chemical signals from microbes trigger complement activation; complement components, C5a/C3a are activated
2) C5a/C3a cause mast cell degranulation by interaction with complement receptors
3) mast cells produce prostaglandins and leukotrienes
4) mast cells releases histamine from granules
5) histamine increases vascular permeability and vasodilation
6) prostaglandins/leukotriences help sustain increased vascular permeability
