3.2 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3 Flashcards
The interaction between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system is necessary for?
1) optimum immune response
2) complete control of the pathogen
3) regulation of inflammatory damage
to host tissue
4) prevention of autoimmune disease
What is the bottom line about inflammation of innate immunity being painful and uncomfortable?
we need it
Can we fully recover from infection with only innate immunity?
No
To fully recover from infection we need both?
innate and adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity is also known as?
acquired immunity
Adaptive immunity requires exposure to?
an antigen in order to be effective
Adaptive immunity effector cells do not?
pre-exist prior to exposure to an antigen
How long does adaptive immunity take to become effective?
Takes many days, usually a week, to fully develop and become effective
Is Innate or Adaptive immunity specific for what it targets?
Adaptive immunity is VERY specific in what it targets
*uses antigens and TCRs (T-cell receptors)
Adaptive immunity is unique in that is has a _____ for what initially stimulated it in the first place.
What does this mean?
memory (immunological memory means that when you get infected by something, you go through this innate and then adaptive response… and that first encounter with is remembered by adaptive immunology; so it’ll remember the exact same pathogen giving it a BETTER immune respponse)
effector cells innate vs adaptive
innate= pre-existing adaptive= delayed; do not pre-exist
Order B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Antigen Presenting Cells in order
1) Antigen Presenting Cells: recognize PAMPS and process peptides associtaed with MHC
2) T-cell: recognize MHC/peptide complex on antigens
3) B-cells: recognize antigens on microbes
8 Molecular Requirements of antigens
**Must know
1) must be a foreign molecule
2) must have chemical complexity like a protein
3) therefore they are usually a protein, lipoprotein, or glycoprotein
4) some complex polysaccharide will work
5) must be large in size
6) must have many sites that are recognized by immune system
7) each site that is recognized is called an epitope
8) epitopes bind to antibody in a non covalent interaction
What are antigens?
non-self macromolecules that stimulate acquired immunity by interacting with specific receptors for the antigen on lymphocytes
antigens cause what response?
the response needed to develop significant quantities of effector cells, some of which produce antibodies that feed back and bind specifically to the antigens that elicited the antibodies in the first place
What type of macromolecule are antigens? Are they self or non-self
usually proteins
**NON-self
What are the 3 type of cells necessary to have a complete immune response?
*What if you are missing one?
1) B lymphocytes
2) T lymphocytes
3) Antigen Presenting Cells
* If you are missing any, you are considered immuno-deficient
B lymphocytes respond by?
recognizing antigens on microbes using their very specific cell surface antibody
What happens to B lymphocytes once they recognize antigens on microbes?
They then develop into effector cells that secrete the same antibody in significant quantities
T lymphocytes respond by?
respond by recognizing peptides of the
same antigen locked up with cell surface MHC proteins
What happens to T lymphocytes once they have had their response to an antigen?
They 1) develop into effector cells that secrete cytokines in significant quantities to help all immune responses or
2) developing into significant quantities of effector cells that produce molecules that are cytotoxic to target cells
Antigen Presenting Cells respond by?
respond by recognizing PAMPs with their PRRs
What do Antigen Presenting Cells do once they recognize PAMPs with their PRRs?
they then phagocytize microbes via PAMPS and process te microbs proteins. THEN they produce small peptides of those proteins, and associate the peptides with major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC proteins)
MHC proteins are what?
major histocompatibility complex proteins
* they are associated with the peptides made by phagacitizing antigen presenting cells off of the microbes they’ve injested
big difference between T and B cell responses?
They respond to the same antigen, BUT T-lymphocytes recognize PEPTIDES that are locked with a cell surface MHC protein
what is histocompatibility?
an immunological event; compatibility between the tissues of different individuals
Antigen have many spots that can trigger antibodies
each spot is slightly different, each antibody is slightly different, and each recognize/response is slightly different
Why must an antigen have chemical complexity?
Can’t have a small peptide, or only a lipoprotein… needs to be chemically diverse enough for recognition
Antigens must be large in size, why?
you must have at least a B-cell site to be recognized by an antibody AND another site for T-cell recognition. MUST have at least these two in order to get any immune response
what is an epitope?
the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself to trigger an immune response
how does an epitope bind to an antibody?
through a strong NON-covalent bond; very little chance for it to disconnect
