1.3 Innate Immunity Lec 1 Flashcards
what is the most numerous white blood cell type?
Neutrophils
Neutrophils stain light blue with?
Wright’s stain
opsonization means?
enhancement of phagocytosis
neutrophiles are or are not phagocytic?
they are a phagocytic white blood cell
how do neutrophiles enhance pahgocytosis?
through opsonization
*bind with certain antibody types to help capture antigen by phagocytosis
neutrophils will produce what in response to microbes?
abundant reactive oxygen molecules
The Process of PHAGOCYTOSIS-by neutrophilsor macrophagesinvolves:
- attachment
- pseudopodia formation and fusion
- formation of phagosome
- fusion of phagosome with lysosome
- formation of the phagolysosome
- content degradation and release or reuse
what does NET stand for?
neutrophil extracellular traps
NETs are composed of
decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial factors, including neutrophil elastase(NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)
NE and MPO are stored in?
azurophilic granules of neutrophils
What releases NETs? how? when?
neutrophils release NETs (extracellularly) 2–4 h after stimulation/ with microbes
phagocytosis vs. endocytosis
*Particles are phagocytized *Soluble molecules are endocytized
Both Pphagocytosis and endocytosis have?
1) membrane bound vesicles containing the capture foreign entity: endosome and phagosome
2) Digestive/killing enzymes in primary and secondary lysosomes
Lysosomes are the granules of? They are divided into?
Lysosomes are the granules of neutrophils and are divided into primary granules or secondary granules
Lyosome granules contain?
- Lipases
- Amylases
- Proteases
- Nucleases
- Defensin
- Nutrient binding molecules such as lactoferrin and Vitamin B
Lipases are?
enzymes that digest lipids
Amylases are?
enzymes that digest carbohydrates
Proteases
enzymes that digest proteins
Nucleases
enzymes that digest nucleic acids
Defensin
peptides that directly kill bacteria
what are the two Nutrient binding molecules found in lysosome granules?
1) lactoferrin that binds free iron IN cytoplasm
2) Vitamin B binding protein
Killing of microbes takes place at the membrane by the?
RESPIRATORYBURST for formation of reactive oxygen species
what are the four enzymes for the respiratory burst reactions?
1) NADPH oxidase
2) superoxide dismutase
3) myeloperoxidase
4) Nitric Oxide Synthase
