4/3 micro Flashcards
Which cardiac abnormality causes wide & fixed splitting?
ASD
In cardiac splitting of S2: which sound comes last?
pulm. valve closing.
systolic ejection murmur that inc. in intensity w/standing.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
abrupt standing: how does this affect cardiac parameters?
- dec. preload.
- dec. afterload.
What gets converted to propionyl coa?
-mnemonic?
VOMIT pathway:
- valine
- odd chain FA
- methionine
- isoleucine
- threonine
glucocorticoids effect on glycogen in liver:
glycogenesis!
-you would think glycogenolysis, but nope!
fenoldopam
- mech?
- ues?
- dopamine D-1 receptor agonist. Dec. BP & inc. natriuesis.
- hypetensive emergencies.
Cephalosporins
- What do they not cover?
- Whats the one exception?
LAME
- listeria
- atypicals
- MRSA (except ceftaroline)
- enterococci
Only cephalosporin to kill MRSA:
ceftaroline.
1st generation cephalos:
- name them?
- coverage?
- mnemonic:
- cefazolin, cephalexin.
- PEcK
- Proteus
- E.coli
- Klebsiella
2nd gen cephalos
- coverage?
- mnemonic?
HEN PEcKS
- H. influenzae
- enterobacter
- neisseria
- proteus
- E.coli
- klebsiella
- serratia
Ceftriaxone
- which gen. cephalo?
- uses?
- 3rd gen.
- meningitis and gonorrhea.
Ceftazidime
- which gen. cephalo?
- uses?
- 3rd gen.
- Pseudomonas.
Cefepime
- which gen. cephalo?
- uses?
- 4th gen.
- Pseudomonas.
ceftaroline
- which gen. cephalo?
- uses?
- 5th gen.
- MRSA.
Which cephalos target pseudomonas?
-mnemonic?
CeftazaDIME & cefe”PRIME” = the girl in the tub in the pseudomonas vid was a DIME piece, super PRIME.
Cephalos
-tox:
- vitamin K deficiency.
- nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides.
Which antibiotic can cause vitamin K deficiency?
Cephalos
Which 2 antibiotic classes together are very nephrotoxic?
Cephalos & aminoglycosides.
tryptase
-marker for what?
- released by mast cells.
- marker for mast cell activation.
Aztreonam
- is it a lactam?
- sensitive to beta-lactamases?
- can you use it if you’re allergic to PCN?
- yes.
- no, not sensitive.
- yes, no cross-reactivity w/PCN.
Aztreonam
-mech:
-Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to
penicillin-binding protein 3.
Aztreonam:
-Synergistic with:
Synergistic with aminoglycosides.
Aztreonam:
- target:
- can it target anaerobes?
- gram (-) rods.
- the specific type of PBP it binds to are only found on gram (-) rods.
- can NOT target anaerobes!