3/10 heme/onc Flashcards
RBC membrane has what transporter?
Membrane contains chloride- HCO3- antiporter, which allows RBCs to export HCO3- and transport CO2 from the periphery to the lungs for elimination.
Anisocytosis:
varying sizes of RBCs
Poikilocytosis:
varying shapes
platelet
- dense granules:
- alpha granules:
- dense granules = ADP, calcium
- a granules = vWF, fibrinogen
WBC differential from highest to lowest
-mnemonic:
Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better. Neutrophils (54–62%) Lymphocytes (25–33%) Monocytes (3–7%) Eosinophils (1–3%) Basophils (0–0.75%)
Neutrophils
-granules contain what?
- ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin.
- azurophilic granules (lysosomes) contain proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, and β-glucuronidase.
Band cells
-what are they?
immature neutros
Cell surface marker for macrophage?
CD14
Eosinophil
- phagocytic?
- role in type 1 HSR?
- Highly phagocytic for antigen-antibody complexes.
- Produces histaminase and arylsulfatase (helps limit reaction following mast cell degranulation).
Causes of eosinophilia =
-mnemonic?
NAACP: Neoplasia Asthma Allergic processes Connective tissue diseases Parasites (invasive)
Isolated basophilia found in:
CML.
Mast cell degranulation releases:
Histamine, heparin, and eosinophil chemotactic factors.
Universal donor of plasma?
-which blood type
AB
Universal recipient of plasma?
-which blood type?
O
- anti-A and anti-B antibodies =
- anti-Rh=
-what type of Ab and does it cross the placenta?
- IgM (do not cross placenta)
- IgG (cross placenta)
Erythryoblastosis fetalis
-Tx:
Treatment: Rho(D) IgG for mother during every pregnancy to prevent initial sensitization of Rh- mother to Rh antigen.
In basic terms, what is coagulation?
Coagulation = soluble fibrinogen converting to insoluble fibrin.
-property of plasma. dont need anything else.
Heparin sulfate
-what hooks onto it?
-antithrombin 3
Antithrombin inhibits activated forms of factors:
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII.
-1972 + 11 & 12
thrombomodulin
-binds what? which activates what?
- thrombin
- thrombin activates protein C which inhibits factors 5 & 8.
Effects of thrombin on factor 5 & 8?
-coag. starts slow, but once thrombin made, thrombin goes back and activates factors 8 and 5 which accelerate the pathway. This speeds up coag.
-Protein C and S inactivate factor 8a and 5a. They’re the
“brakes” to coag pathway.
Endothelial cell: Weiber-palody body contains:
-vWF in the endothelial cell. These contain vWF & ps-electin.
Ticlopidine and clopidogrel:
- inhibit ADP-induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa.
- irreversibly bind ADP receptor.
Ristocetin:
- Activates vWF to bind to GpIb.
- Useful for diagnosis: normal platelet aggregation response is not seen in von Willebrand disease.