2/17 Flashcards
Radial n.
- roots
- where are common injuries
- classic sign
- C5-T1
- midshaft fx of humerus, compression of axilla.
- wrist drop
Median n.
- roots
- where are common injuries
- classic sign
- C5-T1
- Supracondylar fx of humerus (proximal lesion); carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist laceration (distal lesion).
- Hand of benediction.
Ulnar n.
- roots
- where are common injuries
- classic sign
- C8-T1
- medial epicondyle of humerus (funny bone). Hook of hamate. Guyon canal syndrome.
- Ulnar claw on digit extension.
Which brachial plexus terminal nerves do NOT give branches in axilla or upper arm?
Median, Ulnar
What innervates:
-lateral flexor digitorum profundus & lateral 2 lumbricals.
median n.
What innervates:
-medial flexor digitorum profundus & medial 2 lumbricals.
ulnar n.
Atrophy of hypothenar eminence
-ulnar n. lesion
Is “clawing” seen w/distal or proximal lesions?
-distal
Actin are bound to __ line
Z
Myosin are bound to ___ line
M
I band =
H band =
A band =
I band = just actin
H band = just myosin
A band = entire length of myosin, stays the same.
PTH effect at low, intermittent levels.
-exerts anabolic effects.
Serum chemistry in osteoporosis
-normal serum chemistry!
What type of bone is lost in osteoporosis?
Trabecular (spongy) (cancellous)
-dorsolumbar vertebral bodies, neck of femur (50/50 trabecular & corticol)
What type of bone is lost in hyperparathyroidism?
corticol (your limbs)
-subperiosteal thinning.
denosumab
- Tx for osteoporosis
- monoclonal antibody against RANKL
osteopetrosis - can lead to marrow fibrosis
- pancytopenia
- extarmedullary hematopoesis.
Serum chemistry in osteomalacia
- dec Calcium (leads to inc. PTH which leads to =>
- dec. phosphate
- inc. ALP (hyperactivity of osteoblasts).
Serum chemistry in Pagets disease of bone.
-inc. risk for what cancer?
- Ca, Phosphate, PTH = normal
- inc. ALP (after lytic & mixed phase)
- inc. risk of osteogenic sarcoma
Pagets: inc. vascularity. How?
- osteoclasts release cytokines that promote prolif of fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
- AV shunts made
- high output cardiac failure
Most common location of avascular necrosis?
Which artery feed that location?
Femoral head, fed by medial circumflex femoral art.
