4/16 overall

Question 1

Infections in CGD:

-mnemonic:

Answer 1

CGD infected by the SEA.

-Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus.

Question 2

NADPH oxidase

-found in which organelle?

Answer 2

phagosomes.

Question 3

Eccrine sweat glands.

• where are they found?
• purpose?
• whats their primary stimulus for secretion?

Answer 3

• all throughout the skin, especially in palms/soles.
• purpose is for thermoregulation.
• stimulated by direct sympathetic activity.

Question 4

Appocrine sweat glands.

• where are they found?
• purpose?
• whats their primary stimulus for secretion?

Answer 4

• axillae, genitals, anus = not active until puberty.
• release oily and viscous sweat.
• stimulated by circulating catecholamines.

Question 5

Effect of smoking on alveolar macrophages.

Answer 5

Smoking inhibits alveolar macrophage action.

Question 6

hemochromatosis

-which HLA?

Answer 6

HLA-A3

-A3 looks like F3 = Fe = Iron.

Question 7

Celiac disease

-which HLA?

Answer 7

DQ2/DQ8

-cant go to Dairy Queen if you have Celiac Disease.

Question 8

HLA-DR2

• which diseases?
• mnemonic:

Answer 8

Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome.

-Must Have Some Good luck to not get any disease if you have this HLA.

Question 9

Diabetes mellitus type 1

• which HLA?
• mnemonic?

Answer 9

HLA-DR3-4

-Dr. DR3 has no insulin when he was 3 cuz he was broke and had no sugar to eat.

Question 10

SLE

-which HLA?

Answer 10

HLA-DR2-3

Question 11

Graves disease

• which HLA?
• mnemonic?

Answer 11

HLA-DR3

-you’ll never see DR. DR3 in the grave.

Question 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

• which HLA?
• mnemonic?

Answer 12

HLA-DR4

-There are 4 walls in a “rheum” (room).

Question 13

Hashimoto thyroiditis

• which HLA?
• mnemonic?

Answer 13

HLA-DR5

-graves is higher in thyroid function but hashi has a higher DR#, 5 compared to 3.

Question 14

Pernicious anemia

-which HLA?

Answer 14

HLA-DR5

-same as hashimoto.

Question 15

Ethosuximide

-worst side effect?

Answer 15

Steven’s Johnsons Syndrome

Question 16

Which seizure med can cause SIADH?

Answer 16

carbamazepine

Question 17

Tramadol

• mech?
• mnemonic?
• tox?

Answer 17

• Very weak opioid agonist; also inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.
• works on multiple neurotransmitters—“tram it all” in with tramadol
• Similar to opioids. Decreases seizure threshold. Serotonin syndrome.

Question 18

Butorphanol

• mech:
• tox:

Answer 18

• Mu-opioid receptor partial agonist and kappa-opioid receptor agonist; produces analgesia.
• Overdose not easily reversed with naloxone.

Question 19

CN V motor lesion

-jaw deviates toward or away from lesion?

Answer 19

toward lesion.

*opposite of what I would guess.

Question 20

CN X lesion

-uvula deviates toward or away from lesion?

Answer 20

away from lesion

*-uvulA = Away

Question 21

CN XII lesion (LMN)

-tongue deviates toward or away from lesion?

Answer 21

toward lesion

*lick your wounds.

Question 22

middle meningeal artery goes through what foramen?

Answer 22

foramen spinosum.

Question 23

niacin

-mechanism:

Answer 23

• Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue.

- reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis.

Question 24

Alar plate

• ventral or dorsal?
• motor or sensory?
• mnemonic?

Answer 24

SAD: sensory, dorsal, alar.

Question 25

Most common sign of initial periph. neuropathy in DM pts is loss of vibration sense. -which sensory corpuscles affected?

Answer 25

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 26

Which sensory corpuscle found in epidermis? | -whats its function?

Answer 26

Merkel cells in basal epidermal layer. | -Pressure, deep static touch (e.g., shapes, edges), position sense.

Question 27

Peripheral nerve | -whats the permeability barrier?

Answer 27

perineurium. | -Must be rejoined in microsurgery for limb reattachment.

Question 28

antimicrosomal Ab | -which disease?

Answer 28

hashimotos

Question 29

ataxia telangiectasia | -deficiency of which Ig?

Answer 29

IgA deficiency.

Question 30

LSD abuse | -dilated or constricted pupils?

Answer 30

dilated.

Question 31

Obstructive lung disease - FVC value? - why?

Answer 31

Dec. | -cant blow out as much due to the obstruction - some air gets trapped.

Question 32

Digoxin toxicity caused by a diuretic | -which diuretic & how?

Answer 32

Furosemide caused hypokalemia and hypokalemia inc. risk of digoxin toxicity.

Question 33

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - nephrotic or nephritic? - what do you see in glomerulus? - mechanism?

Answer 33

- nephrotic - segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis. - effacement of foot process similar to minimal change disease. *distinguishing feature = hyaline deposition

Question 34

Most common fetal neoplasm?

Answer 34

sacrococcygeal teratoma. - remnant of primitive streak. - benign & easily resected.

Question 35

hypoalbuminemia seen in CHF | -cause?

Answer 35

-dilutional hypoalbuminemia due to excess fluid.

Question 36

Bleomycin vs Busulfan - which one has minimal BMS and which one has severe BMS? - mnemonic?

Answer 36

- Bleomycin = minimal BMS. - Busulfan = severe BMS. *mnemonic: Busulfan cross links DNA so it has a direct BMS activity. Bleomycin generates free radicals, so it could by change do some damage to bone marrow.

Question 37

I cell disease | -what happens to the proteins that were meant for the lysosome?

Answer 37

secreted out of the cell. | -results in many intracellular exclusions.

Question 38

glargine | -what is it?

Answer 38

long acting synthetic insulin.

Question 39

glipizide | -what is it?

Answer 39

sulfonylurea.

Question 40

metformin | -primary mechanism of action?

Answer 40

inhibit gluconeo.

Question 41

IgA nephropathy - nephritic or nephrotic? - how long after URI/acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 41

- nephritic | - shows up few days later (vs PSGN which shows up few weeks later).

Question 42

SLE - which 2 renal problems?

Answer 42

- Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic) | - Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN)